Correction to: Disc inflammation and Modic changes show an interaction effect on recovery after surgery for lumbar disc herniation.

In Tables 3 and 4: In the first column and row, the text reads "Mixed model test (patients with Modic changes)". This should have been just "Mixed model". The complete correct Tables 3 and 4 are given below.

Lumbar disc extrusions reduce faster than bulging discs due to an active role of macrophages in sciatica.

Objective: This retrospective observational histological study aims to associate the size and type of disc herniation with the degree of macrophage infiltration in disc material retrieved during disc surgery in patients with sciatica.

Methods: Disc tissue of 119 sciatica patients was embedded in paraffin and stained with hematoxylin and CD68. Tissue samples were categorized as mild (0-10/cm), moderate (10-100/cm), and considerable (> 100/cm) macrophage infiltration.

Disc inflammation and Modic changes show an interaction effect on recovery after surgery for lumbar disc herniation.

Purpose: To study the interaction between Modic changes (MC) and inflammation by macrophages in the disc, in relation to clinical symptoms before and after discectomy for lumbar disc herniation.

Methods: Disc tissue was embedded in paraffin and stained with haematoxylin and CD68. Subsequently, tissue samples were categorized for degree of inflammation.

Gadolinium Enhancement Is Not Associated With Disc Inflammation in Patients With Sciatica.

Study Design: Retrospective observational histological study.

Objective: To evaluate the reliability of gadolinium enhancement as a marker for inflammation by associating gadolinium enhancement findings with the degree of inflammation as measured by macrophage infiltration in disc material retrieved during disc surgery in patients with sciatica.

Summary Of Background Data: Disc inflammation often occurs in sciatica patients, a noninvasive tool that is used to assess disc inflammation is Gadolinium enhanced MR imaging.

Impact of single phase CT angiography collateral status on functional outcome over time: results from the MR CLEAN Registry.

Background: Collateral status modified the effect of endovascular treatment (EVT) for stroke in several randomized trials. We assessed the association between collaterals and functional outcome in EVT treated patients and investigated if this association is time dependent.

Methods: We included consecutive patients from the Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke in The Netherlands (MR CLEAN) Registry (March 2014-June 2016) with an anterior circulation large vessel occlusion undergoing EVT.

Thoracic epidural haematoma due to a subclavian steal syndrome and secondary formed thoracic collateral circuits, coincidence or consequence: a case report.

Despite profound diagnostics, the aetiology of spinal epidural haematoma (SEH) often remains unknown. In this case, diagnostics revealed an SEH at the fifth and sixth thoracic levels due to a subclavian steal syndrome with a tortuous vascular loop between the sixth thoracic intercostal artery and the costocervical arteries deriving from the left subclavian artery with plump arteries in the epidural space. The patient underwent decompression surgery and a percutaneous transluminal angioplasty.

Prematurity and neonatal outcome including congenital malformations after maternal malignancy within six months prior to or during pregnancy.

Introduction: The proportion of women who postpone childbearing is increasing. As malignancy risk increases with age, pregnancy in connection with malignancy will become more common.

Material And Methods: We compared infants born 1994-2011 to women with a malignancy within six months prior to the last menstrual period or during pregnancy with offspring of women without a previous malignancy.

Characteristics of the Offspring of Women with a History of Malignancy, Excluding Congenital Malformations.

Objective: To study the characteristics (except congenital malformations) of offspring born to women with a history of malignancy.

Methods: Data were obtained by linkage between four different Swedish national health registers. We compared the offspring born between 1994 and 2011 of women with a history of malignancy with all other infants.

Congenital malformations in offspring of women with a history of malignancy.

Background: Survival after malignancy has increased and the question of risks, including risk for congenital malformations for the offspring of these women has become important. Data on congenital malformations in such offspring are limited.

Methods: We compared congenital malformation in offspring, born 1994 to 2011 of women with a history of malignancy (at least 1 year before delivery) with all other offspring.

Interobserver variability in the radiological assessment of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including perfusion MRI in glioblastoma multiforme.

Background And Purpose: Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has limited value for differentiation of true tumor progression and pseudoprogression in treated glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Perfusion weighted imaging (PWI) may be helpful in the differentiation of these two phenomena. Here interobserver variability in routine radiological evaluation of GBM patients is assessed using MRI, including PWI.

Ongoing Pharmacological Management of Chronic Pain in Pregnancy.

The article discusses possible effects of the use of analgesics during pregnancy. It summarizes the pertinent literature and reports some previously unpublished data from the Swedish Medical Birth Register. Most likely the use of analgesics does not cause spontaneous abortion.

Deliveries After Malignant Disease Before Pregnancy: Maternal Characteristics, Pregnancy, and Delivery Complications.

Purpose: Survival after cancer has increased, and the question of risks in later pregnancies has become important. A previous malignancy may affect pregnancy outcome.

Methods: Comparison of women with malignant disease before pregnancy with all other women giving birth during 1994-2011.

Prognostic value of magnetic resonance imaging findings in patients with sciatica.

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the prognostic value of MRI variables to predict outcome in patients with herniated disc-related sciatica, and whether MRI could facilitate the decision making between early surgery and prolonged conservative care in these patients. METHODS A prospective observational evaluation of patients enrolled in a randomized trial with 1-year follow-up was completed. A total of 283 patients with sciatica who had a radiologically confirmed disc herniation were randomized either to surgery or to prolonged conservative care with surgery if needed.

Preoperative MRI in Patients With Intermittent Neurogenic Claudication: Relevance for Diagnosis and Prognosis.

Study Design: We studied baseline magnetic resonance images of 155 patients with intermittent neurogenic claudication and lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and patient data were gathered from participants of a randomized trial.

Objective: It is believed that the narrowness of the lumbar spinal canal correlates to the severity of complaints and that it may be a good predictor of clinical outcome if treated.

Use of tramadol in early pregnancy and congenital malformation risk.

Only few studies exist regarding the risk of a teratogenic effect of tramadol when used in early pregnancy. Using the Swedish Medical Birth Register, women (deliveries in 1997-2013) who had reported the use of tramadol in early pregnancy were identified. Maternal characteristics and concomitant drug use were analyzed.

Thrombectomy in posterior circulation stroke through persistent primitive trigeminal artery: A case report.

We describe a case of intra-arterial treatment (IAT) of acute posterior circulation occlusion in a patient with a persistent primitive trigeminal artery (PPTA). The patient presented with an acute left sided hemiparesis and loss of consciousness (Glasgow coma score of 5). Computed tomography angiography showed an acute occlusion of the right internal carotid artery (ICA), the PPTA, distal basilar artery (BA), right posterior cerebral artery (PCA), and right superior cerebellar artery (SCA).

[Peroneal nerve injury due to heterotopic ossification: rare complication following surgical treatment of an acetabular fracture].

Background: Sciatic nerve entrapment due to heterotopic ossification is a rare late complication of the surgical treatment of an acetabular fracture.

Case Description: In this article we present the case of a 34-year-old male, who developed weakness of the dorsiflexors of his right ankle several months after an open reduction of an acetabular fracture. The weakness was caused by isolated ectopic bone formation around the peroneal nerve in the presence of an anatomical variation, namely a high division of the sciatic nerve into the tibial and peroneal nerves.

Use of ondansetron during pregnancy and congenital malformations in the infant.

The study investigates teratogenic risks with ondansetron (Zofran(®)). Data from the Swedish Medical Birth Register combined with the Swedish Register of Prescribed Drugs were used to identify 1349 infants born of women who had taken ondansetron in early pregnancy, 1998-2012. Presence of congenital malformations in the offspring was identified with three national health registers.

Antiobesity drugs in early pregnancy and congenital malformations in the offspring.

Little information exists on the possible teratogenic effect of modern antiobesity drugs. The present study refers to orlistat, sibutramine, and rimonabant. Data in the Swedish Medical Birth Register were utilised.

The risk of neurodisability and other long-term outcomes for infants born following ART.

Children born after assisted reproductive technologies (ART) have an increased morbidity. The risk of developing cerebral palsy is nearly doubled and the risk of developing epilepsy is also higher. Behavioural problems including attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder may be more common in children born following ART than among naturally conceived children but the finding is uncertain.

Maternal hypothyroidism in early pregnancy and infant structural congenital malformations.

Background. The question is debated on whether maternal hypothyroidism or use of thyroxin in early pregnancy affects the risk for infant congenital malformations. Objectives.

Influence of low back pain and prognostic value of MRI in sciatica patients in relation to back pain.

Background: Patients with sciatica frequently complain about associated back pain. It is not known whether there are prognostic relevant differences in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) findings between sciatica patients with and without disabling back pain.

Methods: The study population contained patients with sciatica who underwent a baseline MRI to assess eligibility for a randomized trial designed to compare the efficacy of early surgery with prolonged conservative care for sciatica.