Hydatid cyst of the brainstem: The rarest of the rare locations for echinococcosis.

Hydatidosis, caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus, is a zoonotic disease typically affecting the liver and lungs. Cerebral localizations are rare, especially in the brainstem. We present a case of a 9-year-old boy with a brainstem hydatid cyst.

Large aplasia cutis congenita of the vertex conservative management.

Background: Aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) of the vertex with bone defect is a rare and begnin anomaly that can involve the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissues of the scalp with significant bone defect Bajpai and Pal (J Pediatr Surg 38(2):e4, 2003). When associated with skull defect, this rare malformation carries the risk of severe complications such as rupture of the superior sagittal sinus or infections.

Methods And Results: We report a case of aplasia cutis congenita of the scalp with skull defect measuring 9 × 10 cm and an exposed sagittal sinus in a newborn.

Intramedullary spinal cord tumors: A retrospective multicentric study.

Context: Intramedullary tumors are neoformations taking part on the spinal cord, and they are a rare pathology. Due to the rarity of such lesions, clinical studies take years to ensure a decent feedback with a significant number of cases.

Design: Our study is retrospective and descriptive.

Pediatric Cerebellar Pilomyxoid Astrocytoma: Clinical and Radiological Findings in Three Cases.

Pilomyxoid astrocytomas (PMA) is a particular form of glial tumors distinct from pilocytic astrocytomas (PA). On the last 2016 WHO classification for CNS tumours, no definite grade assignment was proposed for these lesions. They may be more aggressive with a different clinical course compared to PA due to their greater propensity for local recurrence and cerebrospinal dissemination.

Distinguishing Falcine Chondrosarcomas from Their Mimics and Management.

Background: Primary intracranial chondrosarcoma is an extremely rare malignant tumor of the central nervous system, which accounts for <0.16% of all primary intracranial tumors. This rare tumor has a high associated morbidity from the tumor itself as well as from treatment modalities.

Embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes: illustrative case and review of the literature.

Background: Embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes (ETMR) is a very rare entity and has seldom been reported. It has been newly defined tumor entity included in the latest update (revised fourth edition) of WHO 2016 Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System which portends a uniform dismal prognosis and survival even with the best of multimodality approaches.

Illustrative Case: This report documents the presentation of a 2-year-old girl with voluminous intracranial ETMR in the right parieto-occipital region.

Pediatric Intracranial Anaplastic Gangliogliomas: Illustrative Case and Systematic Review.

Objective: We present an illustrative case of pediatric intracranial anaplastic ganglioglioma and systematically reviewed the current reported data of anaplastic ganglioglioma in the pediatric population.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search for our review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Cochrane, and Embase databases. The search terms included "ganglioglioma," "anaplastic," "pediatrics," "children," and "intracranial.

Transoral migration of the inferior end of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt: A case report with literature review.

Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt surgery is the most widely used technique for the treatment of hydrocephalus. However, it can incur certain complications. Beside frequent complications (infection, obstruction), migration of the peritoneal catheter is a rare but dangerous complication.

A case of adult anaplastic cerebellar ganglioglioma.

Background: Anaplastic posterior fossa ganglioglioma in adults is exceedingly rare. To date, only one case of adult anaplastic posterior fossa ganglioglioma has been reported in the English literature and none has been described at the cerebellum. To our knowledge, this report is the third case of malignant posterior fossa ganglioglioma in adults and the first at the cerebellum.

Spinal epidural angiolipomas: Clinical characteristics, management and outcomes.

Purpose: The spinal epidural angiolipomas are rare expansive processes made of mature lipomatous and angiomatous elements. They often have a benign character. Their etiology, pathogenesis remains uncertain, and it is a cause of spinal cord compression.

Intradural Extramedullary Capillary Hemangioma in the Upper Cervical Spine: First Report.

Background: The occurrence of intradural extramedullary capillary hemangiomas is exceedingly rare. To date, only 39 cases of intradural extramedullary capillary hemangiomas have been reported in the English literature, and all of these cases have been described at the lumbar and thoracic spinal levels. To our knowledge, this report is the first case of capillary hemangiomas of the cervical spine in the literature.

Secondary Chondrosarcoma of the Upper Thoracic Costovertebral Junction with Neural Foraminal Extension and Compressing the Spinal Cord.

Background: Chondrosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor of bone. This family of tumors can be primary malignant tumors or a secondary malignant transformation of an underlying benign cartilage tumor. Secondary chondrosarcoma arising from a benign solitary costal osteochondroma is extremely rare.

Primary sporadic Burkitt lymphoma of the orbit, clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes: a case study.

Background: Involvement of the orbit with Burkitt's lymphoma is a very rare presentation of extra-nodal lymphoma.

Illustrative Case: We report a case of a 2-year-old female presented an unusual location of sporadic Burkitt's lymphoma arising in the orbital region. Diagnostic magnetic resonance imagining identified an oval-shaped mass on the lateral rectus of the right orbit that caused dislocation of eyeball, for which she underwent a biopsy from the periorbital swellings.

[Trapped temporal horn, an unusual form of obstructive hydrocephalus: 5 case-reports].

Objective: "Entrapped temporal horn" is an unusual form of obstructive hydrocephalus which is due to an obstacle at the trigone of the lateral ventricle that seals off the temporal horn that may act as a space occupying process. In this study, our aim was to assess the clinical presentation, imaging, pathophysiology and the management of this entity.

Methods: The medical records of patients with entrapped temporal horn diagnosed between January 2003 and December 2012 were reviewed retrospectively.

[Central nervous system medulloepithelioma. A report of three cases].

Central nervous system medulloepithelioma is a rare, highly malignant childhood tumor. It might be confused with medulloblastoma or other primitive neuroectodermal tumors, but it is quite particular by its clinical, radiological, and pathological features. The mean survival varies depending on whether or not a gross-total resection is possible.

Hydatid cyst of the cranial vault.

Only 0.5 to 2% of hydatid cysts are localized in the skeleton and of these, 3 to 4% are found in the skull. In this paper, the authors report a case of primary hydatidosis involving the cranial vault revealed by a bulging mass of the forehead and symptoms of raised intracranial pressure that occurred in a 22-year-old woman who came from a rural area.

[Hydrocephalus due to non tumoral stenosis of foramens of Monro: report of four cases].

Non tumoral stenosis of the foramen of Monro is rare; pathogenic mechanisms remain a subject of debate. The narrowing can be unilateral causing monoventicular hydrocephalus, and exceptionally bilateral causing biventricular hydrocephalus. We present two cases of monoventricular hydrocephalus and two other cases of biventricular hydrocephalus.

[Calcified cerebral hydatid cyst].

Hydatid cyst is rarely observed in the brain (0.5-4.5%).