A Large Calvarial Bone Defect in a Child: Osseointegration of an Implant.

Background: This original report describes the outcome of a cranioplasty at long-term follow-up. A large calvarial bone defect of a child was reconstructed with a bioactive and biostable nonmetallic implant.

Case Description: In a child with infantile fibrosarcoma of occipital bone, the malignancy was removed at 2.

Outcomes of cranioplasty with synthetic materials and autologous bone grafts.

Objective: Using current surgical methods, cranioplasty is associated with a high complication rate. We analyzed if there are preexisting medical conditions associated with complications and compared the effect of different implant materials on the degree of complications.

Methods: A retrospective review of the medical records of all patients who underwent cranioplasty for cranial bone defects during the period 2002-2012 was conducted, and 100 consecutive cranioplasty procedures that met eligibility criteria were identified.

Paediatric cranial defect reconstruction using bioactive fibre-reinforced composite implant: early outcomes.

Background: In children, approximately half of cryopreserved allograft bone flaps fail due to infection and resorption. Synthetic materials offer a solution for allograft bone flap resorption. Fibre-reinforced composite with a bioactive glass particulate filling is a new synthetic material for bone reconstruction.

Craniofacial bone reconstruction with bioactive fiber-reinforced composite implant.

Background: A novel, bioactive, fiber-reinforced composite implant is a solution to address the shortcomings in craniofacial bone reconstruction. A longitudinal clinical investigation with a follow-up time of 4 years was conducted.

Methods: A cranial bone reconstruction with the implant was performed on 12 patients.

Novel composite implant in craniofacial bone reconstruction.

Bioactive glass (BAG) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) have been used in clinical applications. Antimicrobial BAG has the ability to attach chemically to surrounding bone, but it is not possible to bend, drill or shape BAG during the operation. PMMA has advantages in terms of shaping during the operation, but it does not attach chemically to the bone and is an exothermic material.

Monitoring microvascular free flaps with tissue oxygen measurement and PET.

Tissue oxygen measurement and positron emission tomography (PET) were evaluated as methods for predicting ischemia in microvascular free flaps of the head and neck. Ten patients with head and neck squamous cell cancer underwent resection of the tumour followed by microvascular reconstruction with a free flap. Tissue oxygenation of the flap (P(ti)O(2)) was continuously monitored for three postoperative (POP) days and the blood flow of the flap was assessed using oxygen-15 labelled water and PET.

Functional evaluation of microvascular free flaps with positron emission tomography.

Background: The aim of this study was to assess blood flow (BF) of microvascular free flaps studied with positron emission tomography (PET) in patients with head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) undergoing major radical surgery 3-4 weeks after high-dose radiotherapy.

Methods: Five patients underwent resection of the HNSCC of the oral cavity followed by microvascular reconstruction with a radial forearm flap. Regional BF in oral and neck tissues was measured with PET using radiolabelled water ([15O]H2O) twice (1-2 and 12-14 days, respectively) following radical surgery.

Frontal sinus and skull bone defect obliteration with three synthetic bioactive materials. A comparative study.

Three synthetic bioactive materials were studied in an experimental model to compare their usability in a frontal sinus and a skull bone defect obliteration. Bioactive glass number 9 (BAG(1)), bioactive glass number 13 (BAG(2)), and hydroxyapatite (HA) granules were investigated. BAG(1) and HA granules have been previously tested clinically.