Evaluation of programmed cell death ligand 1 expression in a contemporary cohort of penile squamous cell carcinoma and its correlation with clinicopathologic and survival parameters: A study of 134 patients.

Objectives: Penile squamous cell carcinomas (PCs) are rare malignancies with a dismal prognosis in a metastatic setting; therefore, novel immunotherapeutic modalities are an unmet need. One such modality is the immune checkpoint molecule programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). We sought to analyze PD-L1 expression and its correlation with various clinicopathologic parameters in a contemporary cohort of 134 patients with PC.

p53 and p16 As Predictive and Prognostic Biomarkers for Nodal metastasis and Survival in A Contemporary Cohort of Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Background: Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is implicated in a proportion of invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the penis (PC). A subset of PC involves dysregulation of the p53 pathway. HPV in situ hybridization (ISH) and p16 positivity are surrogate markers for HPV infection, and p53 immunohistochemistry (IHC) denotes abnormality in the p53 pathway.

Cytomorphologic and Immunophenotypic Profile of a Cohort of Small Cell Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder.

Background: The incidence of primary small cell carcinoma (SCC) of the urinary bladder is extremely rare. We sought to analyze the cytologic and immunophenotypic features of SCC of the urinary bladder in urine and reassert the importance of cytologic examination of urine specimens for diagnosis of this tumor.

Methods: We studied the clinical and cytomorphologic features in the presurgical urine specimens (4 voided urine and 2 bladder-washing specimens) of histopathologically and immunohistochemically proven cases of SCC of the urinary bladder.