[Chronic atrophic gastritis: morphological features and pepsin formation function].

The paper discusses a modern approach to chronic atrophic gastritis as a precancerous gastric condition. It deals with the role of Helicobacter pylori infection, development of disease, morphological changes taking place in gastric mucosa associated with chronic atrophic gastritis, and their importance for gastrocarcinogenesis. Recommendations are given on the strategies of management of precancerous gastric changes in mucosa as well as early prophylaxis of stomach cancer development from chronic atrophic gastritis associated with Helicobacter pylori infection.

[Study of the antioxidant drug "Karinat" in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis].

A randomized double blind placebo-controlled trial of the drug karinat was carried out in patients with chronic multifocal atrophic gastritis. Karinat contains beta-carotene 2.5 mg, alpha-tocopherol 5 mg, ascorbic acid 30 mg and garlic powder 150 mg per tablet.

[Radioimmunoassay of serum pepsinogen I in chronic gastritis and stomach cancer].

Blood serum in stomach cancer and chronic gastritis has been compared. A sharp decrease in pepsinogen 1 level both in cancer and gastritis patients was found as compared with healthy subjects. Pepsinogen 1 level in poorly-differentiated tumor (37.

[Evaluation of pepsinogen A expression in stomach cancer].

The report deals with a molecular-genetic study of human pepsinogen A (PGA) genetic locus. EcoRI, HindIII and BamH 1 restriction endonuclease technique were employed. The investigation involving 58 patients with stomach cancer (SC) and 18 healthy donors failed to identify any significant PGA genetic restructuring in the blood of healthy donors.

[Microsatellite instability of genome in cells of sporadic and hereditary carcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract].

Microsatellite instability (MIN) of human genome, i.e. instability of very short (1-5 nt) DNA tandem repeats, points to a deficiency in the mismatch repair system (MMR).

[Biochemical and immunologic analysis of pepsinogen I in blood serum and mucosa in patients with gastric tumors and non-tumor diseases].

The results of the biochemical and immunologic studies of pepsinogen I (PG-I) occurring in the mucosa and blood serum of patients with tumors and non-tumor conditions of the stomach are discussed. Pepsinogen I was identified in human blood serum using rabbit antibodies against PG-I. Sharp drop in blood serum-PG-I level in patients with gastric tumors has been confirmed.

[Characteristics of enzymatic function of the stomach in gastroduodenal diseases in children with regard to gastric carcinogenesis].

The paper deals with a description of the biochemical properties of the isoforms of pepsinogen pepsin of gastric mucosa and blood serum in children suffering from duodenal ulcerative disease as well as in atrophic and subtrophic lesions of gastric mucosa. Atrophic gastritis was found to involve an inhibited biosynthesis of the Ist fraction of pepsinogen while ulcerative-erosive lesions of the gastro-duodenal area--an increased level of the 3rd isoform of pepsinogen.

[The use of the 5'PstEJ6.6 probe containing a Ha-ras oncogene promoter in population genetics research by DNA fingerprinting].

The Mendelian inheritance of population genetic markers according to their zygosity has been established in a population investigation carried out in Kazakhstan and the northwestern region of Russia, using the 5'PstEJ6.6 DNA probe genetic variability both for persons of different nationality in a population and between two distant populations has been observed. Said procedure has proved more acceptable than the M13 phage DNA test for mass screening examinations because it involves genome analysis on the basis of DNA markers common to each population.

[Biochemical and molecular biological aspects of stomach cancer development in human and animal].

Expression of protooncogenes c-myc, N-myc, c-fos, Ha-ras 1, Ki-ras 2, yes, abl, src, N-ras, met and mos was studied in human gastric tumors and in rat gastric mucosal membrane during gastric carcinogenesis induced in rats by means of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitroso guanidine (MNNG). Elevated expression of protooncogenes c-myc, c-fos, Ha-ras 1, Ki-ras 2, N-myc and Raf 1 was observed in carcinomas of human stomach. Amplification of Ha-ras 1 protooncogene was found in the human gastric tumor and metastasis.

[Determination of the role of DNA cytosine methylation in human genetic individuality].

By the restriction analysis method we established that methylation of the 5'-end cytosine in 5'-m5CC-3' duplexes had individual specific features. This genetic peculiarity did not change even in DNA from human stomach carcinomas.

[Biochemical and molecular biology characteristics of gastric carcinogenesis in humans and animals].

The data on the changes in the isoenzyme spectrum of pepsinogen-pepsin inversely correlating with the development and retaining of the malignant condition of gastric mucosa in human and animals are reviewed. The results of the molecular-genetic studies of gastric carcinogenesis, in particular the role of protooncogenes--oncogenes in this process are presented.

[A molecular genetic analysis of the 12th codon of the Ha-ras-1 proto-oncogene in human carcinoma and stomach ulcer cells].

A method of the restriction analysis by Msp I enzyme has been used to analyze the 12th codon of Ha-ras-1 protooncogene in 10 human carcinomas and in the stomach mucosa adjacent to them their 5 metastases into the regional lymph nodes and in 2 ulcers. No point mutation was found.

[Proto-oncogene expression in human carcinomas of the stomach and in the gastric mucosa of rats exposed to N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced gastric carcinogenesis].

The expression of c-Ha-ras-1, Ki-ras, N-ras, abl, src, fos and myc protooncogenes was analyzed in 13 cases of human gastric carcinomas. The transcriptional activity of both fos and myc protooncogenes was found to be disturbed in 47% and 42% of cases, respectively. An overexpression of fos protooncogenes as well as an appearance in some cases of atypical foc-mRNA transcripts were established.

[Polymorphism of restriction fragments of the Ha-ras-1 protooncogene in patients with carcinoma and ulcers of the stomach].

Ha-ras restriction fragments' length polymorphism (RFLP) in white blood cells and stomach tissues from patients with carcinoma and ulcer of the stomach was examined. Genomic DNAs were digested with Xho I, Pvu II, Pst I, Msp I, Bcn I, Mva I, Bsp RI. No Ha-ras-1 polymorphic variants specifically associated with the cancer disease were detected.

[Proto-oncogene expression in the organs of intact adult rats].

The study is concerned with the expression of src, sis, fos, myc, Ha-ras, Ki-ras, N-ras, mos, and abl proto-oncogenes in the brain, heart, liver, kidneys, lung, stomach, cross-striated muscle cells and in leukocytes. Some of these genes are shown to be actively transcribed in adult intact rats. Their expression depends on the tissue specificity.

[Stomach tumors in rats induced by a single administration of N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea].

The pathologic characteristics of gastric tumors induced by single injections of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (15 mg) solution and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (10 mg) solution in 0.1 ml dimethylformamide were studied in 23 noninbred rats. The chemicals were injected into the antropyloric segment of the stomach.