Polarization squeezing in chalcogenide fibers.

We experimentally demonstrate the generation of polarization-squeezed light in a short piece of solid-core chalcogenide (ChG) (AsS) fiber via the Kerr effect for femtosecond pulses at 1.56 µm. Directly measured squeezing of -2.

[Puncture access with a new atraumatic needle MG for mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy].

Introduction: An important aspect of the prevention of complications in percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is to reduce the likelihood of injury to the adjacent structures and perirenal tissues.

Aim: To determine the efficiency and safety of renal puncture during mini-PCNL with a new atraumatic needle MG.

Materials And Methods: A total of 67 patients who underwent mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy at the Institute of Urology and Human Reproductive Health of Sechenov University were included in the prospective study.

A novel less-traumatic needle for kidney puncture: first clinical experience.

Introduction: To decrease complication rate, we developed a novel MG needle for kidney puncture consisting of a pointed cannula, an atraumatic mandrin-bulb and a spring mechanism pushing the mandrin-bulb forward.

Aim Of The Study: To assess efficacy and safety of kidney puncture during percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) using a novel less-traumatic MG needle within a clinical trial.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a prospective randomized single-center study.

Quantum-enhanced interferometer using Kerr squeezing.

One of the prime applications of squeezed light is enhancing the sensitivity of an interferometer below the quantum shot-noise limit, but so far, no such experimental demonstration was reported when using the optical Kerr effect. In prior setups involving Kerr-squeezed light, the role of the interferometer was merely to characterize the noise pattern. The lack of such a demonstration was largely due to the cumbersome tilting of the squeezed ellipse in phase space.

Optimizing the generation of polarization squeezed light in nonlinear optical fibers driven by femtosecond pulses.

Bright squeezed light can be generated in optical fibers utilizing the Kerr effect for ultrashort laser pulses. However, pulse propagation in a fiber is subject to nonconservative effects that deteriorate the squeezing. Here, we analyze two-mode polarization squeezing, which is SU(2)-invariant, robust against technical perturbations, and can be generated in a polarization-maintaining fiber.

[Calico-venous fistulae: an intrarenal complication of percutaneous nephrolithotomy].

Bleeding is a serious complication of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). A rare cause of gross hematuria is a calico-venous fistula. A clinical case of successful intraoperative diagnosis and treatment of calico-venous fistula during PCNL is presented in the article.

A Novel and Less Traumatic Needle for Kidney Puncture: Development and Preclinical Study Results.

A considerable proportion of percutaneous nephrolithotomy complications occurs during renal puncture. An option to decrease the complications rate is needle modification to make the procedure less traumatic. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the novel MG needle in a preclinical study.

Lenslet array-free efficient coherent combining of broadband pulses at the output of a multicore fiber with a square core grid.

An efficient optical scheme for coherent combining of radiation from the output of a multicore fiber (MCF) with a square array of cores in the out-of-phase supermode is proposed. The scheme uses only simple optical elements and is suitable for an arbitrary number of MCF cores. In a proof-of-concept experiment broadband pulses transmitted through a 25-core fiber were combined with 81% efficiency and good beam quality.

[A novel atraumatic puncture needle MG. Results of a comparative morphological study].

Introduction: Despite the low invasiveness of percutaneous nephrolithotripsy, this surgery is not without complications. One of the most important stages of the operation, on which depends not only the success of the patient completely getting rid of calculus, but the likelihood of complications, is the puncture of the pelvic-pelvic system.

Purpose: Determination of the effectiveness and security of the new less-traumatic puncture needle MG under experimental conditions.

Highly efficient coherent beam combining of tiled aperture arrays using out-of-phase pattern.

We propose a simple, highly scalable, and very efficient scheme for coherent combining of tiled aperture arrays. The scheme relies on changing the beam phasing paradigm from the commonly used in-phase pattern to the out-of-phase pattern (interleaved 0/ phases in the neighboring channels) and using an additional simple combining stage (a beamsplitter). In a proof-of-concept experiment with a one-dimensional fiber array, we achieved 89% of the power in the main combined beam.

Laser pulse compression up to few-cycle durations in multicore fiber.

A mechanism for self-compression of laser pulses in a multicore fiber on the basis of nonlinear combining of radiation from many cores, surrounding the central core in a ring and its trapping into the central core in a chirp-free and pedestal-free soliton-like pulse, is proposed. It is shown that the compression ratio is weakly dependent on the energy and the number of cores in the fiber and approximately equal to 6 with an almost 100% energy efficiency. The compression ratio can be increased to 40 with an efficiency of more than 50% by using additional compression of longer pulses with approximately the same energy.

High-energy femtosecond pulse shaping, compression, and contrast enhancement using multicore fiber.

Nonlinear spatiotemporal dynamics of femtosecond pulses in a hexagonal seven-core silica fiber pumped by a sub-μJ 370 fs Er:fiber chirped pulse amplification (CPA) system were studied. Nonlinear pulse shaping and compression in the central core and pedestal coupling to the outer cores were directly measured by frequency-resolved optical gating. Further compression of the pulses spectrally broadened in the multicore fiber down to 53 fs was demonstrated.

Self-organized criticality and pattern emergence through the lens of tropical geometry.

Tropical geometry, an established field in pure mathematics, is a place where string theory, mirror symmetry, computational algebra, auction theory, and so forth meet and influence one another. In this paper, we report on our discovery of a tropical model with self-organized criticality (SOC) behavior. Our model is continuous, in contrast to all known models of SOC, and is a certain scaling limit of the sandpile model, the first and archetypical model of SOC.

Association of Toll-Like Cell Receptors TLR2 (p.Arg753GLN) and TLR4 (p.Asp299GLY) Polymorphisms with Indicators of General and Local Immunity in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis.

A whole group of polymorphisms of genes involved in the formation of the epidermal barrier, immune responses, and their regulation is important in the formation of atopic phenotype. The purpose of the study is to determine the relationship of polymorphisms of genes of Toll-like receptors TLR2 and TLR4 with clinical and immunological parameters in atopic dermatitis patients in a "case-control" study. Polymorphisms of genes TLR2 (p.

Recombination of dimers as a mechanism for the formation of several nematic phases.

A mixture of nonelongated monomers A and B capable of formation of three kinds of mesogenic dimers AA, BB, and AB is investigated. We show the possibility of a temperature-induced transition from one nematic phase consisting mostly of dimers AB composed of dissimilar monomers to a different nematic phase consisting mostly of dimers AA and BB composed of similar monomers. The binding energy of dimers AB is supposed to be lower (the binding of monomers A and B is more preferable) than that of dimers AA and BB (the binding of monomers A with each other and monomers B with each other is less preferable).

[Effect of bortezomib on the efficiency of hematopoietic stem cell mobilization in patients with multiple myeloma].

Aim: To study the results of mobilizing and collecting autologous hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) receiving bortezomib as part of induction therapy regimens.

Materials And Methods: In June 2001 to April 2010, the Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Hematology Research Center, Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia, mobilized autologous HSC in 93 patients with MM, by using cyclophosphan (CF) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. The analysis covered 73 patients who received VAD and/or bortezomib-containing courses as induction therapy.

[Therapy of acute massive blood loss in a hemophilic patient: case report].

A case is reported of management of massive intraoperative blood loss in a male patient with severe hemophilia. Extirpation of hip pseudotumor with one-stage osteosynthesis with an intramedullary joint-pin in a 43 year old male patient was accompanied with 7.5 l blood loss.

[Optimization of mobilization regimes of blood hemopoietic stem cells in patients with multiple myeloma].

Aim: To determine an optimal cyclophosphamide dose in the mobilization scheme providing adequate collection of CD34+ cells in patients with multiple myeloma (MM), to optimize the time of initiation of granulocytic colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) administration, to study effects of induction therapy schemes on results of mobilization and collection of CD34+ cells.

Material And Methods: Department of hemoblastoses chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation of the Russian Hematological Center performed mobilization of autologous blood hemopoietic stem cells (BHSC) in 93 MM patients treated in 2001-2010. This was done with cyclophosphamide and G-CSF.

[Transplantations of allogenic and autologous hemopoietic stem cells in acute leukemia (results of 20-year experience)].

Aim: To analyse results of transplantation of allogenic and autologous hemopoietic stem cells (allo-THSC and auto-THSC) with myeloablation preconditioning in patients with acute leukemia (AL) performed in 1987-2006.

Material And Methods: A total of 71 allogenic and 45 autologous THSC were performed in 116 patients with different AL variants. Conditioning in all allo-THSC included busulfan (16 mg/kg) and cyclophosphamide (120 mg/kg).

[Infectious complications after transplantation of autologous hemopoietic blood cells in patients with hematological malignancies].

Aim: To characterize infectious complications arising within 30 days after transplantation of autologous hemopoietic blood cells in 42 patients with hematological malignancy (HM); to compare the course of early posttransplantation period with reference to a kind of high-dose conditioning and dose of transplanted CD34+ cells.

Material And Methods: Autotransplantation (AT) was conducted as consolidation of a complete or partial remission in 20 patients with multiple myeloma, 14 patients with lymphogranulomatosis and lymphosarcoma, 7 patients with acute leukemia and 1 patient with rabdomyosarcoma. The program of pretransplantation conditioning corresponded to the disease form and included: melphalan, BEAM, busulphane-cyclophosphamide.

[Allogenic bone marrow transplantation in chronic myeloid leukemias].

Aim: To assess the role of allogenic bone marrow (ABM) transplantation in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).

Material And Methods: 44 ABM transplantations were performed in 37 CML patients in the chronic phase and 7 patients in acceleration or blast crisis.

Results: A complete molecular remission was achieved in 26 (59%) patients: 67.

[Quantitative assessment of protein replacement in therapeutic plasmapheresis].

Aim: To calculate parameters of replacement in which the amount of total protein (TP) in the circulating blood remains above critical level after removal of 17-75% of circulating plasm volume (CPL).

Material And Methods: Therapeutic plasmapheresis (TPA) was made in 96 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, bronchial asthma, systemic lupus erythematosus and other diseases. The plasm was replaced by 0.