Fatty acids in the de novo lipogenesis pathway and incidence of type 2 diabetes: A pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies.

Background: De novo lipogenesis (DNL) is the primary metabolic pathway synthesizing fatty acids from carbohydrates, protein, or alcohol. Our aim was to examine associations of in vivo levels of selected fatty acids (16:0, 16:1n7, 18:0, 18:1n9) in DNL with incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods And Findings: Seventeen cohorts from 12 countries (7 from Europe, 7 from the United States, 1 from Australia, 1 from Taiwan; baseline years = 1970-1973 to 2006-2010) conducted harmonized individual-level analyses of associations of DNL-related fatty acids with incident T2D.

Skin Autofluorescence of Pregnant Women With Diabetes Predicts the Macrosomia of Their Children.

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) accumulated during long-term hyperglycemia are involved in diabetes complications and can be estimated by skin autofluorescence (sAF). During pregnancy, hyperglycemia exposes women to the risk of having a macrosomic newborn. The aim of this study was to determine whether sAF of women with diabetes during a singleton pregnancy could predict macrosomia in their newborns.

Associations of circulating very-long-chain saturated fatty acids and incident type 2 diabetes: a pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies.

Background: Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) of different chain lengths have unique metabolic and biological effects, and a small number of recent studies suggest that higher circulating concentrations of the very-long-chain SFAs (VLSFAs) arachidic acid (20:0), behenic acid (22:0), and lignoceric acid (24:0) are associated with a lower risk of diabetes. Confirmation of these findings in a large and diverse population is needed.

Objective: We investigated the associations of circulating VLSFAs 20:0, 22:0, and 24:0 with incident type 2 diabetes in prospective studies.

Strong adherence to dietary and lifestyle recommendations is associated with decreased type 2 diabetes risk in the AusDiab cohort study.

We aimed to determine whether adherence to the Australian dietary guidelines and an index of healthy behavior was associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and to provide estimates of the proportion of preventable cases. Participants of the AusDiab cohort study were followed for 12 years (n = 6242), starting from May 1999, during which T2D cases were identified. The associations between T2D risk and a score of adherence to the dietary guidelines, its components, and a score of adherence to an index of healthy behaviors, (which included smoking, recreational physical activity, waist circumference and adherence to the dietary guidelines), were estimated using Cox proportional hazards ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals.

Fatty acid biomarkers of dairy fat consumption and incidence of type 2 diabetes: A pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies.

Background: We aimed to investigate prospective associations of circulating or adipose tissue odd-chain fatty acids 15:0 and 17:0 and trans-palmitoleic acid, t16:1n-7, as potential biomarkers of dairy fat intake, with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods And Findings: Sixteen prospective cohorts from 12 countries (7 from the United States, 7 from Europe, 1 from Australia, 1 from Taiwan) performed new harmonised individual-level analysis for the prospective associations according to a standardised plan. In total, 63,682 participants with a broad range of baseline ages and BMIs and 15,180 incident cases of T2D over the average of 9 years of follow-up were evaluated.

High iodine dietary intake is associated with type 2 diabetes among women of the E3N-EPIC cohort study.

Background: Iodine is an essential micronutrient needed for the production of thyroid hormones. Consequently, iodine insufficient and excessive intakes are associated with thyroid disorders. Despite the increase in diabetes prevalence worldwide and the close relationship between thyroid function and the risk of diabetes, the relationship between iodine intake and diabetes has been overlooked.

Population attributable fractions of the main type 2 diabetes mellitus risk factors in women: Findings from the French E3N cohort.

Background: Although many type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk factors have been identified, little is known regarding their contributions to the diabetes burden at the population level.

Methods: The study included 72 655 French women from the Etude Epidemiologique de Femmes de la Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale (E3N) prospective cohort followed between 1993 and 2011. Cox multivariable models including the main T2DM risk factors (metabolic, dietary, clinical, socioeconomic and hormonal) and a healthy lifestyle index combining five characteristics (smoking, body mass index [BMI], alcohol consumption, fruit and vegetable consumption, and physical activity) were used to estimate hazard ratios and population attributable fractions (PAFs) for T2DM.

Nonlinear associations between dietary exposures to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) or perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and type 2 diabetes risk in women: Findings from the E3N cohort study.

The incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is steadily rising worldwide since the past 30 years. There is increasing interest in understanding the contribution of exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) to T2D trend. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are stable, persistent, and bioaccumulative synthetic compounds, suspected to act as EDCs and for which the diet is the main route of exposure.

Micronutrient dietary patterns associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus among women of the E3N-EPIC (Etude Epidémiologique auprès de femmes de l'Education Nationale) cohort study.

Background: Micronutrients play a key role in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but methodological difficulties arise from their collinearity and interdependencies with foods. The aim of the present study was to identify micronutrient dietary patterns in the E3N-EPIC (Etude Epidémiologique auprès de femmes de l'Education Nationale) cohort and to investigate their association with risk of T2DM.

Methods: Principal component analysis was used to identify micronutrient patterns among 71 270 women from the E3N-EPIC cohort.

Diet and risk of diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review.

Diabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes that threatens all individuals with diabetes, leading to vision loss or blindness if left untreated. It is frequently associated with diabetic macular edema, which can occur at any point during the development of diabetic retinopathy. The key factors known to lead to its development include hyperglycemia, hypertension, and the duration of diabetes.

Accumulation of advanced glycation end products evaluated by skin autofluorescence and incident frailty in older adults from the Bordeaux Three-City cohort.

Aim: We analyzed the cross-sectional and prospective relationships between the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGE), assessed by skin autofluorescence (AF) and frailty and its components.

Methods: A total of 423 participants of the Bordeaux sample of the Three-City study 75 years of age or older in 2009-2010 were included in the cross-sectional analysis. Among them, 255 initially non-frail participants were re-examined 4 years later.

Omega-6 fatty acid biomarkers and incident type 2 diabetes: pooled analysis of individual-level data for 39 740 adults from 20 prospective cohort studies.

Background: The metabolic effects of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) remain contentious, and little evidence is available regarding their potential role in primary prevention of type 2 diabetes. We aimed to assess the associations of linoleic acid and arachidonic acid biomarkers with incident type 2 diabetes.

Methods: We did a pooled analysis of new, harmonised, individual-level analyses for the biomarkers linoleic acid and its metabolite arachidonic acid and incident type 2 diabetes.

Progression of skin autofluorescence of AGEs over 4 years in patients with type 1 diabetes.

Background: The deposit of advanced glycation end-products is involved in diabetic complications. It can be evaluated by measuring the skin autofluorescence (sAF). We searched whether sAF progressed over 4 years in type 1 diabetes and analysed its relationship with the development of nephropathy.

Skin autofluorescence, renal insufficiency and retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Objectives: Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are involved in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Their accumulation in tissues can be analyzed by measuring the skin autofluorescence (sAF). We hypothesized that renal insufficiency, another cause of high sAF, may disturb the relation between sAF and DR.

Skin autofluorescence predicts cardio-renal outcome in type 1 diabetes: a longitudinal study.

Background: We aimed to analyze the relationships between skin autofluorescence (SAF) and incident macrovascular events and renal impairment after 4 years of follow-up in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods: Two hundred and forty-three patients (51.2 ± 16.

Autofluorescence of Skin Advanced Glycation End Products: Marker of Metabolic Memory in Elderly Population.

Background: Advanced glycation end products are involved in the vascular complications of diabetes, in chronic kidney disease, and in the aging process. Their accumulation in the elderly people, as reflected by skin autofluorescence (sAF), may be a marker of metabolic memory. We aimed to examine the association of sAF with glycemic and renal status 10 years earlier in older persons.