Comparison of transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion outcomes in patients receiving rhBMP-2 versus autograft.

Background Context: Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) plays a pivotal role in complex spine surgery. Despite its limited approval, the off-label use of rhBMP-2 is prevalent, particularly in transforaminal lumbar interbody fusions (TLIFs).

Purpose: To determine the effectiveness and safety of rhBMP-2 use in TLIF procedures versus autograft.