Gamma knife radiosurgery clinical efficacy for brain stem glioma: The institutional experience.

Objective: In the past, brain stem was treated with surgery or placement of shunt in Pakistan. Gamma Knife surgery is currently an alternative to surgery for deep brain lesions. In the current study, we show the clinical experience of our Centre treated with Gamma Knife surgery.

Effectiveness of deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease treatment with Single-center experience in Pakistan.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness and accuracy of deep brain stimulation in Parkinsonian Disease (PD).

Methods: This study was a descriptive prospective study, and patients were treated at Neurospinal and Cancer Care Institute Karachi, from February 1, 2016, to June 30, 2020. We had 21 cases of parkinsonian disease.

Glomus jugulare tumors treatment by gamma knife radiosurgery: A single center study.

Objective: Glomus jugulare tumor are benign vascular tumors and surgical resection is almost impossible. We have treated these tumors by Gamma knife radiosurgery and share our experience.

Methods: This study was conducted at the Neurospinal and Cancer Care Institute, Karachi from January 2010 to May 2020.

Juvenile Batten Disease (CLN3): Detailed Ocular Phenotype, Novel Observations, Delayed Diagnosis, Masquerades, and Prospects for Therapy.

Purpose: To characterize the retinal phenotype of juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL), highlight delayed and mistaken diagnosis, and propose an algorithm for early identification.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Participants: Eight children (5 female) with JNCL.

Unique noncoding variants upstream of PRDM13 are associated with a spectrum of developmental retinal dystrophies including progressive bifocal chorioretinal atrophy.

The autosomal dominant progressive bifocal chorioretinal atrophy (PBCRA) disease locus has been mapped to chromosome 6q14-16.2 that overlaps the North Carolina macular dystrophy (NCMD) locus MCDR1. NCMD is a nonprogressive developmental macular dystrophy, in which variants upstream of PRDM13 have been implicated.

Duplication events downstream of IRX1 cause North Carolina macular dystrophy at the MCDR3 locus.

Autosomal dominant North Carolina macular dystrophy (NCMD) is believed to represent a failure of macular development. The disorder has been linked to two loci, MCDR1 (chromosome 6q16) and MCDR3 (chromosome 5p15-p13). Recently, non-coding variants upstream of PRDM13 (MCDR1) and a duplication including IRX1 (MCDR3) have been identified.

Genome-wide linkage and haplotype sharing analysis implicates the MCDR3 locus as a candidate region for a developmental macular disorder in association with digit abnormalities.

Background: Developmental macular disorders are a heterogeneous group of rare retinal conditions that can cause significant visual impairment from childhood. Among these disorders, autosomal dominant North Carolina macular dystrophy (NCMD) has been mapped to 6q16 (MCDR1) with recent support for a non-coding disease mechanism of PRDM13. A second locus on 5p15-5p13 (MCDR3) has been implicated in a similar phenotype, but the disease-causing mechanism still remains unknown.

Effects of medetomidine on serum glucose in cattle calves.

An experimental study was carried out to compare physiological effects (serum glucose level) of medetomidine in Red Sindhi cattle calves at three different doses i.e. 8, 10 and 12µg/kg body weight intravenously.

Congenital high myopia and central macular atrophy: a report of 3 families.

Aims: To report the clinical phenotype in a series of four children from three families with the rare association of high myopia, central macular atrophy, and normal full-field electroretinography (ERG).

Methods: Four male patients were ascertained with reduced vision, nystagmus, and atrophy of the macula from early childhood. Patients underwent full ophthalmic examination, electrophysiological testing, and retinal imaging.

Long-term refractive stability following combined astigmatic keratotomy and phakoemulsification.

Background: To determine whether combined astigmatic keratotomy and cataract surgery induces a sustained reduction in astigmatism.

Methods: Patients who had previously undergone combined cataract surgery and astigmatic keratotomy for naturally occurring astigmatism were identified and their notes reviewed. Mean final follow-up was 34 months (30-42 months).

Screening for ocular surface disease in the intensive care unit.

Purpose: Ventilated patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) often develop exposure keratopathy. This predisposes to the development of bacterial keratitis, which in ICU is often bilateral, with a high risk of perforation. As regular examinations of all ventilated patients by ophthalmologists would be impractical, the purpose of this study was to assess whether ICU staff can screen reliably for keratopathy.

A system for preoperative stratification of cataract patients according to risk of intraoperative complications: a prospective analysis of 1441 cases.

Aim: To devise a simple, robust scoring system for assessing the risk of intraoperative complications in patients undergoing cataract surgery.

Methods: 1441 consecutive patients undergoing phacoemulsification cataract surgery were assessed preoperatively according to weighted criteria. According to the points of risk they accumulated using this system, the patients were preoperatively allocated to one of four risk groups.

Observations on the use of glyceryl guaiacolate as an adjunct to general anaesthesia in horses.

Twenty-one horses undergoing clinical surgery and diagnostic procedures received 15% glyceryl guaiacolate followed by a rapid intravenous injection of a thiobarbiturate for induction of anaesthesia. Premedication was with atropine and acepromazine. Induction was smooth and free from problems apart from transient apnoea in some horses.