The interplay between microbiome and host factors in pathogenesis and therapy of head and neck cancer.

Heterogeneous cancers that lack strong driver mutations with high penetrance, such as head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), present unique challenges to understanding their aetiology due to the complex interactions between genetics and environmental factors. The interplay between lifestyle factors (such as poor oral hygiene, smoking, or alcohol consumption), the oral and gut microbiome, and host genetics appears particularly important in the context of HNSCC. The complex interplay between the gut microbiota and cancer treatment outcomes has also received increasing attention in recent years.

Glutamine and serum starvation alters the ATP production, oxidative stress, and abundance of mitochondrial RNAs in extracellular vesicles produced by cancer cells.

Induction of autophagy represents an effective survival strategy for nutrient-deprived or stressed cancer cells. Autophagy contributes to the modulation of communication within the tumor microenvironment. Here, we conducted a study of the metabolic and signaling implications associated with autophagy induced by glutamine (Gln) and serum starvation and PI3K/mTOR inhibitor and autophagy inducer NVP-BEZ235 (BEZ) in the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell line FaDu.

Olfactory event-related potentials (OERPs) and trigeminal event-related potentials (TERPs) in subjects after Covid-19 infection: single-center prospective study.

Objectives: Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is a common symptom associated with Covid-19. During the Covid-19 pandemic, the importance of psychophysical olfactory tests and electrophysiological olfactory assessment increased. The purpose of the study was to analyze the psychophysical olfactory tests and the post-covid curves of olfactory event-related potentials (OERPs) and trigeminal event-related potentials (TERPs).

Salivary glands - a new site of Helicobacter pylori occurrence.

Objective: The role of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) in the pathological processes of the gastric mucosa is well understood. Decreasing trend in successful eradication of HP from the stomach was observed in last years. This lack of succes is mainly caused by increasing ATB resistance.

Preservation of orbit in tumor invasion through the periorbita in sinonasal malignancy.

Objective: One of the possible risks of sinonasal malignancy is its possible spread in the orbit. However, there is no clear consensus among the different departments as to whether it is necessary to exenterate the orbit in limited tumorous infiltration of periorbital fat. The purpose of the study was to demonstrate that periorbital infiltration and periorbital fat invasion without involvement of deeper orbital tissues are not the indication of orbital exenteration.

RNAs in tumour-derived extracellular vesicles and their significance in the tumour microenvironment.

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) secreted by various types of cells serve as crucial mediators of intercellular communication within the complex tumour microenvironment (TME). Tumour-derived small extracellular vesicles (TDEs) are massively produced and released by tumour cells, recapitulating the specificity of their cell of origin. TDEs encapsulate a variety of RNA species, especially messenger RNAs, microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs, which release to the TME plays multifaced roles in cancer progression through mediating cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and immune evasion.

BRAF mutation, selected miRNAs and genes expression in primary papillary thyroid carcinomas and local lymph node metastases.

Mutations in cancer-related genes are now known to be accompanied by epigenetic events in carcinogenesis by modification of the regulatory pathways and expression of genes involved in the pathobiology. Such cancer-related mutations, miRNAs and gene expression may be promising molecular markers of the most common papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). However, there are limited data on their relationships.

How the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology works in cytopathology practice: Meta-analysis of prospective studies and comparison with retrospective studies.

Background: The Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC) is widely accepted and endorsed by professional societies. Although several studies focusing on the MSRSGC have been published, few have been prospective studies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the MSRSGC in cytopathology practice.

Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Parotid Gland: Study and Review of the Literature.

Background/aim: Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid gland (pPSCC) is a rare tumor, accounting for less than 3% of all parotid carcinomas. There is no general consensus on the management of this tumor, since clinical experience for pPSCC is minimal. Moreover, pPSCC is often misdiagnosed for metastatic cutaneous carcinoma.

Olfactory event-related potentials (OERPs) and trigeminal event-related potentials (TERPs) - a pilot study in Czech participants with normal sense of smell.

Introduction: In recent years, the evaluation of potential events related to olfactory events (OERPs) and trigeminal events (TERPs) has become increasingly important in the diagnosis of olfactory disorders. This technique is increasingly used in basic research and clinical practice to evaluate people suffering from olfactory disorders.

Purpose Of The Study: In a pilot project of the first investigations of OERPs and TERPs in the Czech Republic, we analyse the event-related potentials of the data of normosmic participants.

Marginal versus Segmental Mandibulectomy in the Treatment of Oral Cavity Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

 Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) is the most common malignancy in the oral cavity. Two types of mandibular resections have been described: the segmental mandibulectomy and the marginal mandibulectomy. Both may have a different impact over the quality of life, oncological prognosis, and functional or aesthetic result.

The importance of preoperative and perioperative Narrow Band Imaging endoscopy in the diagnosis of pre-tumor and tumor lesions of the larynx.

Introduction: Narrow band imaging (NBI) is an endoscopic imaging method intended for the diagnosis of mucosal lesions of the larynx that are not visible in white-light endoscopy, but are typical of pre-tumor and tumor lesions of the larynx.

The Purpose Of The Study: To compare preoperative/perioperative white light endoscopy and NBI endoscopy with the results of histopathological examinations in pre-tumor and tumor lesions of the larynx.

Methods: A prospective study, over a period of five years (5/2018-5/2023), included 87 patients with laryngeal lesions aged 24-80 years.

Utility of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in parotid pleomorphic adenoma diagnosis and management.

Purpose: Pleomorphic adenoma (PA), the most common benign tumour of the parotid gland, requires accurate preoperative diagnosis owing to its capacity for malignant transformation. The aim of this study was to evaluate our experience with ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in the diagnostic algorithm for patients with PA and to assess clinical outcomes for those with different surgical approaches.

Material And Methods: We carried out a retrospective analysis of patients treated for parotid gland mass between 2010 and 2016.

C-reactive protein as an early marker of postoperative leakage in patients after endoscopic laser assisted Zenker's diverticulotomy.

Background And Aim: Minimally invasive endoscopic techniques are the treatment of choice for Zenker's diverticulum (ZD). Our objective was to evaluate the results and efficacy of endoscopic and open approaches, to determine whether postoperative C-reactive protein (CRP) serum levels can be used as a marker to exclude the presence of esophageal leakage, and to identify risk factors for development of postoperative leakage and complications.

Materials And Methods: Patients who underwent transcervical myotomy and diverticulotomy (TMD) or endoscopic cricopharyngeal myotomy (ECM) with CO laser for ZD in years 2008-2021 at our department were included in this retrospective study.

mRNA Subtype of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Significantly Affects Key Characteristics of Head and Neck Cancer Cells.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) belong among severe and highly complex malignant diseases showing a high level of heterogeneity and consequently also a variance in therapeutic response, regardless of clinical stage. Our study implies that the progression of HNSCC may be supported by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the tumour microenvironment (TME) and the heterogeneity of this disease may lie in the level of cooperation between CAFs and epithelial cancer cells, as communication between CAFs and epithelial cancer cells seems to be a key factor for the sustained growth of the tumour mass. In this study, we investigated how CAFs derived from tumours of different mRNA subtypes influence the proliferation of cancer cells and their metabolic and biomechanical reprogramming.

Comment on Zwierz et al. The Long-Term Effects of 12-Week Intranasal Steroid Therapy on Adenoid Size, Its Mucus Coverage and Otitis Media with Effusion: A Cohort Study in Preschool Children. 2022, , 507.

I read with great interest the article entitled "The Long-Term Effects of 12-Week Intranasal Steroid Therapy on Adenoid Size, Its Mucus Coverage and Otitis Media with Effusion: A Cohort Study in Preschool Children" by Zwierz et al. [..

PD-L1 and PD-1 expression in thyroid follicular epithelial dysplasia: Hashimoto thyroiditis related atypia and potential papillary carcinoma precursor.

Programmed cell death ligand (PD-L1)/PD-1 expression has been studied in a variety of cancers and blockage of PD-L1/PD-1 pathway is a cornerstone of immunotherapy. We studied PD-L1/PD-1 immunohistochemical expression in 47 thyroid gland specimens in groups of (1) Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) only; (2) HT and follicular epithelial dysplasia (FED); and (3) HT, FED, and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). PD-1 positivity was found in immune cells, namely in lymphocytes, macrophages, and plasma cells with mean values for lymphocytes and macrophages 9% in HT group, 4% in FED group, and 4% in PTC group.

Noninvasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm with Papillary-like Nuclear Features (NIFTP): Tumour Entity with a Short History. A Review on Challenges in Our Microscopes, Molecular and Ultrasonographic Profile.

Since Noninvasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm with Papillary-like Nuclear Features (NIFTP) was introduced as a new thyroid tumour entity, many studies, and meta-analyses on diagnosing NIFTP have been published. NIFTP-revised histopathological criteria emerged in 2018. NIFTP is defined as a histological entity and its diagnosis requires a careful histological examination.

Prevalence of Fabry disease in men with tinnitus and sensorineural hearing loss.

Fabry disease (FD) is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by pathogenic mutations in the alpha-galactosidase A (AGALA) encoding gene region. This rare disease affects several organs including the cochlea-vestibular system. Tinnitus and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) are reported among otoneurological symptoms.

Non-Invasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm with Papillary-Like Nuclear Features Is Not a Cytological Diagnosis, but It Influences Cytological Diagnosis Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: A low-risk thyroid tumour, non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) was introduced in 2016. NIFTP criteria require a thorough histological examination to rule out capsular and lymphovascular invasion, which denies the possibility of preoperative cytological diagnosis. Nevertheless, since the adoption of the new entity, the cytology of NIFTP has been a subject of interest.

The Contributory Role of Cell Blocks in Salivary Gland Neoplasms Fine Needle Aspirations Classified by the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytology.

(1) Background: The Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC) was introduced in 2018, bringing an organ-specific classification system for salivary gland cytopathology. The aim of present study is to evaluate the MSRSGC prospectively, based on a two-year experience in the tertiary care center pathology department, and evaluate the role of routine cell block (CB) preparation in salivary gland cytopathological diagnostics. (2) Methods: In our institution, the Department of Pathology, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland, the MSRSGC has been implemented in salivary gland cytopathology since January 2018 and, over a two-year period (January 2018-December 2019), there were 365 fine-needle aspirations, of which 164 had a surgical follow-up.

Genome of and Serotype of HPV Detected in Oropharyngeal and Laryngeal Cancer and Chronic Inflammation Patients.

Objective: Oropharyngeal/laryngeal carcinoma are common cancers of the upper aerodigestive system. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is described as the most frequent in the cancer of unknown primary. The presence of (HP) in the oral cavity is discussed in some papers.

Experience with follow-up strategy in selected patients with Warthin tumour diagnosed by ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB).

Purpose: Warthin tumour (WT) management options comprise surgery or follow-up. The purpose of this study was to asses our experience with the follow-up strategy in selected patients with an ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) showing WT.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with WT using FNAB between 1.