Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) Morphology Control by Design.

Exerting morphological control over metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is critical for determining their catalytic performance and to optimize their packing behavior in areas from separations to fuel gas storage. A mechanism-based approach to tailor the morphology of MOFs is introduced and experimentally demonstrated for five cubic Zn O-based MOFs. This methodology provides three key features: 1) computational screening for selection of appropriate additives to change crystal morphology based on knowledge of the crystal structure alone; 2) use of additive to metal cluster geometric relationships to achieve morphologies expressing desired crystallographic facets; 3) potential for suppression of interpenetration for certain phases.

Solvent Choice in Metal-Organic Framework Linker Exchange Permits Microstructural Control.

Linker exchange is a widely applied, robust technique for elaboration of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) post-synthesis. The observation of core-shell microstructures under certain conditions was hypothesized to arise from diffusion rates into the MOF that are slower than linker exchange. Here the relative contributions of these processes are manipulated through solvent choice in order to modulate shell thickness and exchange extent.

N,N-Diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) acts as a metal-organic framework synthesis solvent with phase-directing capabilities.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are generally synthesized in toxic formamide solvents. Greener solvents would lower production barriers and facilitate applications such as drug delivery. N,N-Diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET), the most widely used insect repellent, is shown to serve this role.

Rapid Guest Exchange and Ultra-Low Surface Tension Solvents Optimize Metal-Organic Framework Activation.

Exploratory research into the critical steps in metal-organic framework (MOF) activation involving solvent exchange and solvent evacuation are reported. It is discovered that solvent exchange kinetics are extremely fast, and minutes rather days are appropriate for solvent exchange in many MOFs. It is also demonstrated that choice of a very low surface tension solvent is critical in successfully activating challenging MOFs.

The effect of a pneumatic leg brace on return to play in athletes with tibial stress fractures.

A total of 18 competitive and recreational athletes were enrolled in a randomized, prospective study looking at the effect of pneumatic leg braces on the time to return to full activity after a tibial stress fracture. All patients had positive bone scans and 15 had positive radiographic findings by Week 12. There were two treatment groups.

Foot inversion-eversion and knee kinematics during walking.

The purpose of this study was to monitor selected aspects of the three-dimensional kinematics of the knee during walking with regular shoes and with modified shoes that induced either pronation or supination of the foot. Steinmann traction pins were inserted into the right tibia and femur of five adult men who had apparently normal lower extremities. Target clusters mounted onto the pins were filmed by four cine cameras operating at 100 frames/sec.

The saphenous nerve: an external method for identifying its exit from the adductor canal.

The saphenous nerve is the largest and longest branch of the femoral nerve. At its proximal origin, it travels with the femoral artery. The nerve passes lateral to medial in the adductor canal to emerge subcutaneously and supply the medial side of the knee.

A comparison of patient-controlled analgesia and continuous lumbar plexus block after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is often a painful operation. Fifty-eight patients who underwent ACL reconstruction using patellar tendon autograft received either a lumbar plexus block (LPB) or patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) for pain relief during the first 24 h after surgery. The average total dose of narcotic used was dramatically less for the LPB group (10.

The Ellison iliotibial-band transfer for a torn anterior cruciate ligament of the knee. Long-term follow-up.

We studied the long-term results of the Ellison technique of extra-articular transfer of the iliotibial band, without advancement of the biceps tendon, as the sole operative treatment for a torn anterior cruciate ligament. Thirty-two patients (thirty-two knees) were evaluated an average of eleven years (range, seven to fifteen years) after the operation. The average age at the time of the operation was twenty-two years (range, sixteen to thirty-four years).

Glenoid dysplasia. A case report and review of the literature.

Glenoid dysplasia is a rare congenital abnormality that may be associated with vague shoulder pain, limitation of motion, and weakness of the upper extremity. In many cases it is an incidental finding on chest roentgenogram, and high-level function is usually possible before the onset of symptoms or degenerative changes. The case of an 18-year-old collegiate football offensive lineman who developed symptoms secondary to previously undetected bilateral glenoid dysplasia is reported.

Fibular stress fracture associated with distal tibiofibular synostosis in an athlete. A case report and literature review.

A 19-year-old collegiate football player with progressive ankle syndesmosis ossification developed acute localized fibular tenderness. Roentgenograms demonstrated a fibular stress fracture proximal to the superior extent of the ossific mass. Surgical resection of the mass resulted in uneventful fibular healing, with resolution of acute and chronic symptoms.

Treatment of severe brain ischemia with di- and tri-Calciphor (dimer and trimer of 16,16'-dimethyl prostaglandin B1).

Following 20 min occlusion of both carotid arteries, female gerbils were subjected to treatment with di- or tri-Calciphor (dimer or trimer of 16,16'-dimethyl prostaglandin B1). Dimer was injected i.p.

Three-dimensional kinematics of the human knee during walking.

Three-dimensional kinematics of the tibiofemoral joint were studied during normal walking. Target markers were fixed to tibia and femur by means of intra-cortical traction pins. Radiographs of the lower limb were obtained to compute the position of the target markers relative to internal anatomical structures.

Response of the electrochromic dye, merocyanine 540, to membrane potential in rat liver mitochondria.

Merocyanine binds extensively to rat liver mitochondria in spite of the presence of a sulfonic acid group which would suggest only limited penetration through the membrane. Passive binding shows both tight and weak binding components and is dependent on salt concentration and ionic strength in accord with the Gouy-Chapman theory. The binding of merocyanine to mitochondria is accompanied by both a fluorescence enhancement and a spectral shift.

Repair of peripheral meniscal tears: open versus arthroscopic technique.

Tears in the peripheral vascular zone of 71 menisci in 68 knees were repaired by us from 1978 to 1986. The meniscus repair was done by open arthrotomy in 26 cases and by arthroscopic techniques in 45 cases. We have assessed the relative efficacies of open and arthroscopic repair techniques.

Meniscus repair in the anterior cruciate deficient knee.

From 1979 to 1986, isolated repair of a peripheral vascular zone meniscal tear was performed in 22 patients (23 menisci) who had ACL insufficiency. For various reasons none of these patients underwent repair or reconstruction of their ACL. The meniscus repair was done by open arthrotomy in 12 cases and by arthroscopic techniques in 11 cases.

Isolated avulsion of the biceps femoris insertion. A case report.

The clinical, roentgenographic, and operative findings of an isolated biceps femoris avulsion in a 21-year-old man demonstrated the significance of the static stabilizers about the knee, menisci, and articular cartilage. Examination of the dynamic structures about the knee, however, may present a diagnostic problem. A systematic examination of the musculature (hamstrings, quadriceps, and patellofemoral mechanism) should be included in the evaluation of every acute knee injury.

Arthroscopy update #7. Alternative arthroscopic techniques for meniscus repair. A review.

Several treatment options and surgical techniques have evolved for treating vascular zone tears of the meniscus. The rationale and indications for meniscus repair are discussed, and a review of the various arthroscopic meniscal repair techniques is presented.

Saphenous nerve entrapment at the adductor canal.

A retrospective study of 30 patients who met the clinical criteria for saphenous nerve entrapment at the adductor canal is described. Patients experienced symptoms, usually anterior knee pain, for an average of 36 +/- 7 months. Each patient received an average of 1.

A requirement for cholesterol for phorbol ester-induced adhesion of a human monocyte-like cell line.

The human monocyte/macrophage-like cell line U937, which is a cholesterol auxotroph, is nonadherent. However, it becomes adherent after treatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (phorbol ester). We investigated the effects of cellular cholesterol depletion and repletion on the effectiveness of phorbol ester to induce adhesion to substratum.

Women athletes with menstrual irregularity have increased musculoskeletal injuries.

We have performed a retrospective three-phase study to evaluate the effect of menstrual status upon musculoskeletal injuries in women athletes. Initially, we collected the menstrual and running histories of women participants in a regional 10-km footrace. In this study, 61% of the respondents to our questionnaire reported a continuous running program, and 39% reported an interruption of at least 3 months of their running program.

A segmented polyurethane composite prosthetic anterior cruciate ligament in vivo study.

A segmented polyurethane prosthetic anterior cruciate ligament prototype has been developed and its in vivo integrity assessed in canine subjects. Prosthetic ligaments surgically implanted for 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 16 months were assessed clinically in living subjects, at time of autopsy, and microscopically postautopsy. It was found that the ligaments were adequate in strength to provide stability and last for periods up to 16 months.