Transdermal Buprenorphine Use for Pain Management in Palliative Care.

Cancer related pain is prevalent among patients with a cancer diagnosis, occurring from the tumor itself or as a result of treatment. Many patients require opioid therapy to manage pain and providers must balance efficacy with side effects. Transdermal buprenorphine (TDB) has shown promise for pain management, however, the maximum dose available in the US is considered low, resulting in doubts of efficacy.

CSF neurofilament light may predict progression from amnestic mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease dementia.

Neurofilament light (NfL) is a promising biomarker of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) NfL was measured in a 24-month longitudinal cohort consisting of control (n = 52), amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) (n = 55), and probable AD dementia (n = 28) individuals. The cohort was reevaluated after 6-10 years.

Global range expansion history of pepper ( spp.) revealed by over 10,000 genebank accessions.

Genebanks collect and preserve vast collections of plants and detailed passport information, with the aim of preserving genetic diversity for conservation and breeding. Genetic characterization of such collections has the potential to elucidate the genetic histories of important crops, use marker-trait associations to identify loci controlling traits of interest, search for loci undergoing selection, and contribute to genebank management by identifying taxonomic misassignments and duplicates. We conducted a genomic scan with genotyping by sequencing (GBS) derived single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of 10,038 pepper ( spp.

Plasmapheresis in Hypertriglyceride-induced Pancreatitis: A Series of Four Cases.

Hypertriglyceride-induced Acute Pancreatitis is a devasting condition. The rapid reduction of serum triglyceride is a key factor in its management. Beside the reduction in Triglyceride level plasmapheresis has other added advantage.

Genetic diversity in two leading Plasmodium vivax malaria vaccine candidates AMA1 and MSP119 at three sites in India.

Plasmodium vivax, a major contributor to the malaria burden in India, has the broadest geographic distribution and shows higher genetic diversity than P. falciparum. Here, we investigated the genetic diversity of two leading P.

A Rare Case Presentation: Diagnosing Primary Biliary Cholangitis in a Male Patient With Concomitant Type 1 Diabetes.

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is characterized as an autoimmune disease that involves the destruction of intrahepatic bile ducts, characteristically leading to a cholestatic liver. The presence of disease-specific antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA) is the gold standard to diagnose PBC. Typically, PBC is known to affect female populations exceedingly over their male counterparts.

The investigation on allelic, genotypic frequencies and gene expression study in coding region of tyrosinase gene in Deoni cattle breed of western India.

An investigation was carried out on Deoni animals of western India to study the allelic and genotypic frequencies in coding region of TYR gene as well as gene expression profile. The animals were grouped according to age, gender, strain and intensity of partial albinism (low, medium and high). The present study revealed that the genotypic frequency of TYR gene across different strains, gender, age group and level of partial albinism was found to be non-significant for both exon-I and exon-II.

Effects of Various Therapeutic Agents on Vasospasm and Functional Outcome After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage-Results of a Network Meta-Analysis.

Background: Vasospasm and delayed ischemic neurologic deficits are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Several therapeutic agents have been assessed in randomized controlled trials for their efficacy in reducing the incidence of vasospasm and improving functional outcome. The aim of this network meta-analysis is to compare all these therapeutic agents for their effect on functional outcome and other parameters after aSAH.

LYSMD3: A mammalian pattern recognition receptor for chitin.

Chitin, a major component of fungal cell walls, has been associated with allergic disorders such as asthma. However, it is unclear how mammals recognize chitin and the principal receptor(s) on epithelial cells that sense chitin remain to be determined. In this study, we show that LYSMD3 is expressed on the surface of human airway epithelial cells and demonstrate that LYSMD3 is able to bind chitin, as well as β-glucan, on the cell walls of fungi.

Patient Satisfaction Through an Immersive Experience Using a Mobile Phone-Based Head-Mounted Display During Arthroscopic Knee Surgery Under Spinal Anesthesia: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Patient satisfaction is an important element of high-quality health care. Virtual reality has been studied for its sedative and analgesic effects, as it immerses the patient into an artificial interactive environment. Deriving from this concept, we hypothesized that an immersive experience that engulfs the senses with noninteractive visual and auditory stimuli would have a positive effect on satisfaction and anxiety in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia.

Picomole-Scale Synthesis and Screening of Macrocyclic Compound Libraries by Acoustic Liquid Transfer.

Macrocyclic compounds are an attractive class of therapeutic ligands against challenging targets, such as protein-protein interactions. However, the development of macrocycles as drugs is hindered by the lack of large combinatorial macrocyclic libraries, which are cumbersome, expensive, and time consuming to make, screen, and deconvolute. Here, we established a strategy for synthesizing and screening combinatorial libraries on a picomolar scale by using acoustic droplet ejection to combine building blocks at nanoliter volumes, which reduced the reaction volumes, reagent consumption, and synthesis time.

Unraveling linker histone interactions in nucleosomes.

Considerable progress has been made recently in defining the interactions of linker histones (H1s) within nucleosomes. Major advancements include atomic resolution structures of the globular domain of full-length H1s in the context of nucleosomes containing full-length linker DNA. Although these studies have led to a detailed understanding of the interactions and dynamics of H1 globular domains in the canonical on-dyad nucleosome binding pocket, more information regarding the intrinsically disordered N-terminal and C-terminal domains is needed.

Comparison of outcomes of surgery for intracranial meningioma in elderly and young patients - A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: The proportion of elderly patients with intracranial meningiomas is increasing as the life expectancy has improved. Increasing age is classically believed to be associated with higher perioperative morbidity and mortality in neurosurgical patients.

Methods: We performed a systematic literature search in 'PUBMED' and 'EMBASE' databases and reviewed all the studies comparing outcomes of surgery between young and elderly patients with intracranial meningiomas (IM).

Effect of statins on functional outcome and mortality following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage - Results of a meta-analysis, metaregression and trial sequential analysis.

Objective: Cerebral vasospasm (CVS) and delayed ischemic neurological deficits (DIND) are a common cause of morbidity following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Statins have been shown to decrease CVS. The objective of this article was to ascertain the effect of statins on functional outcome and mortality following aneurysmal SAH by performing meta-analysis.

Endoscopic Anterior Odontoid Screw Fixation for the Odontoid Fracture: A Cadaveric Pilot Study.

Introduction: Anterior odontoid screw fixation technique for specific types of odontoid fracture has been proven to be an effective, yet challenging procedure because of threatened damage to the structures in the vicinity. There are few articles suggesting the role of percutaneous and endoscopic technique as an alternative approach to the standard microscopic way. This is the first cadaveric study using existing "EASY GO" endoscopic system-assisted odontoid screw placement.

Synergetic Strategy for the Fabrication of Self-Standing Distorted Carbon Nanofibers with Heteroatom Doping for Sodium-Ion Batteries.

Currently, the limited availability of lithium sources is escalating the cost of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Considering the fluctuating economics of LIBs, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have now drawn attention because sodium is an earth-abundant, low-cost element that exhibits similar chemistry to that of LIBs. Despite developments in different anode materials, there still remain several challenges in SIBs, including lighter cell design for SIBs.

Atypical Symptoms of Cervical Spondylosis: Is Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Useful? - An Institutional Experience.

Background: A significant proportion of patients with cervical spondylosis can present with atypical symptoms like vertigo, tinnitus, nausea, vomiting, headache, blurred vison, palpitations and gastrointestinal (GI) discomfort. The role of ACDF in alleviating these atypical symptoms remains unexplored.

Objective: The current study attempts to investigate the role of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) in alleviating atypical symptoms associated with cervical spondylosis.

Anterior Odontoid Screw Fixation for Pediatric and Adolescent Odontoid Fractures: Single-Center Experience Over a Decade.

Objective: Management of pediatric odontoid fractures is tricky and controversial. This study will enrich world literature with intricacies of anterior odontoid screw (OS) fixation in the pediatric population learned over the last decade.

Methods: In this retrospective study, all patients with pediatric odontoid fracture who underwent anterior odontoid screw fixation from January 2010 to December 2019 were included and evaluated for surgical outcome.

Mechanical compartmentalization of the intestinal organoid enables crypt folding and collective cell migration.

Intestinal organoids capture essential features of the intestinal epithelium such as crypt folding, cellular compartmentalization and collective movements. Each of these processes and their coordination require patterned forces that are at present unknown. Here we map three-dimensional cellular forces in mouse intestinal organoids grown on soft hydrogels.

Management of Myelopathy due to Anterior Soft-Tissue Compression in Vertebral Hemangioma.

Objective: Vertebral hemangiomas are benign but highly vascular lesions and are one of the most common lesions of the vertebral column. Anterior soft-tissue compression of spinal cord due to vertebral body hemangioma is challenging to manage. Our objective was to assess long-term clinical and radiologic effects of direct transpedicular absolute alcohol embolization, laminectomy, and short-segment instrumented fusion on resolution of extraosseous epidural soft tissue and improvement in myelopathy in cases of vertebral hemangioma causing anterior soft-tissue compression.

Dual role for CXCR3 and CCR5 in asthmatic type 1 inflammation.

Background: Many patients with severe asthma (SA) fail to respond to type 2 inflammation-targeted therapies. We previously identified a cohort of subjects with SA expressing type 1 inflammation manifesting with IFN-γ expression and variable type 2 responses.

Objective: We investigated the role of the chemotactic receptors C-X-C chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) and C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) in establishing type 1 inflammation in SA.

Analysis of Neurosurgical Cases Before and During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic from a Tertiary-Care Centre in India.

Objective: We present the unique administrative issues as well as specific patient-related and surgeon-related challenges and solutions implemented while treating neurosurgical patients during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic vis-à-vis pre-COVID-19 times at our tertiary-care center.

Methods: This is a retrospective study comparing the outcome of the neurosurgical patients treated from the beginning of lockdown in India on March 25, 2020 to November 30, 2020 with that of same period in the previous year, 2019.

Results: There were 687 neurosurgery admissions during the study period compared with 2550 admissions in 2019.

Macrocycle synthesis strategy based on step-wise "adding and reacting" three components enables screening of large combinatorial libraries.

Macrocycles provide an attractive modality for drug development, but generating ligands for new targets is hampered by the limited availability of large macrocycle libraries. We have established a solution-phase macrocycle synthesis strategy in which three building blocks are coupled sequentially in efficient alkylation reactions that eliminate the need for product purification. We demonstrate the power of the approach by combinatorially reacting 15 bromoacetamide-activated tripeptides, 42 amines, and 6 bis-electrophile cyclization linkers to generate a 3780-compound library with minimal effort.

Comparison of Videolaryngoscope and Intubating Laryngeal Mask Airway for Tracheal Intubation with Manual-in-line Stabilization in Patients Undergoing Cervical Spine Surgery.

Background: This prospective, randomized study compared CMAC videolaryngoscope with intubating laryngeal mask airway (ILMA) for intubation under manual-in-line-stabilization (MILS) in patients undergoing cervical spine surgery. Settings and Design: Sixty-five ASA Physical Status Classes I and II patients aged 18-65 years undergoing elective cervical spine surgery were randomly allocated into two groups: group CM-intubation with CMAC videolaryngoscope ( = 33) and Group IL-intubation using ILMA ( = 32).

Materials And Methods: Intubation was performed in all patients after the application of MILS.