Bowel Colonization With Carbapenem-Resistant Bacteria Is Associated With Short-Term Outcomes in Patients With Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure.

Background: Bowel colonization with antimicrobial-resistant bacteria has been associated with worse clinical outcomes in patients with cirrhosis; however, it has not been studied in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). We evaluated whether fecal isolation of carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria (CR-GNB) among patients with ACLF affects short-term outcomes.

Methods: Patients of APASL-ACLF (n = 339) were screened between June 2020 and December 2021, and 150 were included.

Decoding Hydrogen Desorption Kinetics in Porous Silicon: An Electrical Circuit Modeling Approach.

Solid-state hydrogen storage outperforms conventional storage methods in terms of safety and on-board applications. Porous Si (PS) is the optimized Si nanostructure with ample surface area (∼400 m g) and maximum dangling sites for hydrogenation. Though solid-state hydrogen storage in Si nanostructures, especially in porous Si, is extensively studied, the thermal desorption of hydrogen is rarely reported.

Intrabiliary pressure in the pathophysiology of extra hepatic biliary obstruction.

Background And Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of intrabiliary pressure (IBP) in the pathophysiology of extrahepatic biliary obstruction (EHBO) during percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD).

Materials And Methods: Adult patients with EHBO who underwent PTBD were prospectively enrolled. IBP was recorded during primary PTBD.

Palmitic acid causes hepatocyte inflammation by suppressing the BMAL1-NAD-SIRT2 axis.

Palmitic acid is the most abundant saturated fatty acid in circulation and causes hepatocyte toxicity and inflammation. As saturated fatty acid can also disrupt the circadian rhythm, the present work evaluated the connection between clock genes and NAD+ dependent Sirtuins in protecting hepatocytes from lipid-induced damage. Hepatocytes (immortal cells PH5CH8, hepatoma cells HepG2) treated with higher doses of palmitic acid (400-600μM) showed typical features of steatosis accompanied with growth inhibition and increased level of inflammatory markers (IL-6 IL-8, IL-1α and IL-1β) together with decline in NAD+ levels.

Is the liver resilient to the process of ageing?

The liver's unique regenerative capacity, immunotolerant feature, and polyploidy status distinguish it as a metabolic organ unlike any other in the body. Despite aging, the liver generally exhibits fewer pathological abnormalities than other organs (such as the kidney), maintaining its functions near-normal balanced manner. Subtle changes in the liver, including reduced blood flow, detoxification alterations, pseudo-capillarization, and lipofuscin deposition, may occur with chronological age.

Diagnosis and management of pediatric acute liver failure: consensus recommendations of the Indian Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (ISPGHAN).

Timely diagnosis and management of pediatric acute liver failure (PALF) is of paramount importance to improve survival. The Indian Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition invited national and international experts to identify and review important management and research questions. These covered the definition, age appropriate stepwise workup for the etiology, non-invasive diagnosis and management of cerebral edema, prognostic scores, criteria for listing for liver transplantation (LT) and bridging therapies in PALF.

Mechanisms, Efficacy, and Clinical Applications of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Tendinopathy: A Comprehensive Review.

Tendinopathy poses a significant clinical challenge characterized by chronic tendon pain, swelling, and impaired function, affecting athletes and the general population. Current treatments often provide limited success, necessitating exploration into regenerative therapies such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP). PRP harnesses the regenerative potential of autologous platelets and growth factors to promote tendon healing.

Deep Learning-Assisted Smartphone-Based Electrochemiluminescence Visual Monitoring Biosensor: A Fully Integrated Portable Platform.

A novel, portable deep learning-assisted smartphone-based electrochemiluminescence (ECL) cost-effective (~10$) sensing platform was developed and used for selective detection of lactate. Low-cost, fast prototyping screen printing and wax printing methods with paper-based substrate were used to fabricate miniaturized single-pair electrode ECL platforms. The lab-made 3D-printed portable black box served as a reaction chamber.

Is it time to move from the Unidimensional RECIST 1.1 Response Assessment Criteria to a Volumetric Evaluation in the Present Era of Image-based Oncology? An Evaluation in Locally Advanced Head Neck Cancers Undergoing Treatment.

Aims: Tumour response assessments, as per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST 1.1), are based on the sum of diameters (SODs) of the primary tumour (longest diameter) and/or short axis diameter of lymph nodes. This study evaluates the response categorisation as per RECIST 1.

Therapeutic Potential of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Fracture Healing: A Comprehensive Review.

Fracture healing is a dynamic process essential for the restoration of bone integrity and function. However, factors such as patient age, comorbidities, and the severity of the fracture can impede this process, leading to delayed healing or nonunion. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has emerged as a promising therapeutic option for enhancing fracture healing.

Repair of Dissecting Aortic Aneurysm in Post-LVAD Patient.

Left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) are frequently used in the management of end-stage heart failure, especially given the limited availability of donor hearts. The latest HeartMate 3 LVAD delivers non-physiological continuous flow (CF), although the impact on the aorta is not well established. We highlight a case of aortic aneurysm formation complicated by dissection formation that necessitated high-risk re-operative surgery in a patient post CF-LVAD.

Determination of optimum levels of binding antibody units (BAU) of new quantitative chemiluminescent immuno-assay (CLIA) in COVID-19 vaccinated volunteer blood donors.

Background: For assessment of COVID-19 vaccine efficacy, neutralization activity of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody is measured. This study was undertaken to determine optimum levels of binding antibody units (BAU/ml) in new quantitative chemiluminescent assay (CLIA) that corresponded to neutralizing potential (30% inhibition) of sVNT assay.

Methods: Ninety-one blood samples were analyzed by CLIA and sVNT assays.

Gender Identification by Fingerprint Pattern and Salivary Blood Group Antigen Expression: A Forensic Approach.

Introduction Fingerprints found at the crime scene are important and valuable evidence, as they are unique to every individual. Determining the blood group from the blood samples obtained at the site of the crime helps in identifying a person. However, where blood stains are not available, saliva obtained at the crime site can be used to identify the victim.

Rapid Electrochemical Detection of Bacterial Sepsis in Cirrhotic Patients: A Microscaffold-Based Approach for Early Intervention.

Sepsis is a dysregulated inflammatory response leading to multiple organ failure. Current methods of sepsis detection are time-consuming, involving nonspecific clinical signs, biomarkers, and blood cultures. Hence, efficient and rapid sepsis detection platforms are of utmost need for immediate antibiotic treatment.

Respiratory tract viral infections associated sepsis in patients with underlying liver disease: Viral sepsis an entity to look forward!

Background: Sepsis remains a global health burden associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Bacteria are known to be the predominant pathogens in sepsis; however, viral etiologies in sepsis are still under diagnosed. Respiratory viral pathogens have been previously linked to sepsis, but the knowledge of incidence, disease burden and mortality of viral-induced sepsis remains limited.

Harnessing Healing Power: A Comprehensive Review on Platelet-Rich Plasma in Compound Fracture Care.

This comprehensive review explores the applications of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the context of compound fracture care, providing a thorough examination of its biological mechanisms, preparation techniques, and clinical implications. The analysis highlights PRP's potential in accelerating bone healing, enhancing soft tissue repair, reducing inflammation and infection risks, and managing pain during fracture recovery. The review underscores the importance of ethical and regulatory considerations in integrating PRP into orthopaedic practice, emphasising informed consent, transparent patient communication, and ongoing monitoring of ethical concerns.

From Spores to Solutions: A Comprehensive Narrative Review on Mucormycosis.

Mucormycosis is an infrequent but fatal illness that mainly affects patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, diabetic ketoacidosis, solid and hematologic neoplasms, organ transplantation, chronic steroid intake, prolonged neutropenia, iron overload states, neonatal prematurity, severe malnutrition, and HIV. Many cases were reported across the world recently following the COVID-19 pandemic. Recent research has led to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease, and global guidelines are now available for managing this serious infection.

Three-year outcomes of de novo tacrolimus extended-release tablets (LCPT) compared to twice-daily tacrolimus in adult heart transplantation.

Background: Extended-release tacrolimus for prophylaxis of allograft rejection in heart transplant (HT) recipients is currently not FDA-approved. One such extended-release formulation of tacrolimus known as LCPT allows once-daily dosing and improves bioavailability compared to immediate-release (IR-) tacrolimus. We compared long-term efficacy and safety of LCPT to IR-tacrolimus applied de novo in adult OHT recipients.

Temporary Portocaval Shunt Provides Superior Intraoperative Hemodynamics and Reduces Blood Loss and Duration of Surgery in Live Donor Liver Transplantation: A Randomized Control Trial.

Objective: To compare intraoperative hemodynamic parameters, blood loss, renal function, and duration of surgery with and without temporary portocaval shunt (TPCS) in live donor liver transplantation (LT) recipients. Secondary objectives were postoperative early graft dysfunction, morbidity, mortality, total intensive care unit, and hospital stay.

Background: Blood loss during recipient hepatectomy for LT remains a major concern.

Planning target volume margin in head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy: Estimations derived from own data and literature.

Planning target volume (PTV) to deliver the desired dose to the clinical target volume (CTV) accounts for systematic (∑) and random (σ) errors during the planning and execution of intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). As these errors vary at different departments, this study was conducted to determine the 3-dimensional PTV (PTV) margins for head and neck cancer (HNC) at our center. The same was also estimated from reported studies for a comparative assessment.

Metabolic alterations unravel the maternofetal immune responses with disease severity in pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2.

Pregnancy being an immune compromised state, coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) disease poses high risk of premature delivery and threat to fetus. Plasma metabolome regulates immune cellular responses, therefore we aimed to analyze the change in plasma secretome, metabolome, and immune cells with disease severity in COVID-19 positive pregnant females and their cord blood. COVID-19 reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction positive pregnant females (n = 112) with asymptomatic (Asy) (n = 82), mild (n = 21), or moderate (n = 9) disease, healthy pregnant (n = 18), COVID-19 positive nonpregnant females (n = 7) were included.

Importance of glucose and its metabolism in neurodegenerative disorder, as well as the combination of multiple therapeutic strategies targeting α-synuclein and neuroprotection in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

According to recent findings, Phosphoglycerate Kinase 1 (pgk-1) enzyme is linked to Parkinson's disease (PD). Mutations in the PGK-1 gene lead to decreases in the pgk-1 enzyme which causes an imbalance in the levels of energy demand and supply. An increase in glycolytic adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production would help alleviate energy deficiency and sustain the acute energetic need of neurons.