Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova
August 2024
Cervical artery dissection (CeAD) is the primary cause of ischemic stroke in young adults. Monogenic heritable connective tissue diseases account for fewer than 5% of cases of CeAD. The remaining sporadic cases have known risk factors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFZh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova
December 2023
The article describes a 45-year-old female patient with recurrent transient ischemic attacks and ischemic stroke due to spontaneous spasm of the middle cerebral artery, the anterior cerebral artery and distal part of the internal cerebral artery on the left, verified by MR angiography and CT angiography. It is assumed that the spasm caused damage to the vascular wall, an increase in its permeability, the development of edema, inflammation and subsequent fibrosis, therefore a complete restoration of the arterial lumen did not occur.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFZh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova
December 2023
A 23-year-old female patient with primary vasculitis of the central nervous system simulating a brain tumor is described. The clinical picture was represented by migraine-like headaches, ataxia, transient numbness of the right leg, the lips, double vision, a slight decrease of cognitive functions. MRI of the brain revealed a tumor-like focus in the cerebellum, intensively accumulating contrast, containing micro-hemorrhages (SWI mode).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMoyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare disease characterized by progressive stenosis of the terminal part of the internal carotid arteries (ICA) and the proximal part of their branches, which is accompanied by the formation of collateral network that look like smoke clouds on angiography (Japanese terminology - moyamoya). If the disease is comorbid to other diseases, usually associated with acute or chronic inflammation, including autoimmune processes, it is designated as moyamoy syndrome (MMS). MMD and MMS are one of the causes of ischemic stroke and chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency in young and middle age, less often they lead to hemorrhages.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFZh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova
October 2022
Objective: To evaluate transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) in patients with cervical artery dissection (CeAD).
Material And Methods: TGF-β was studied by enzyme immunoassay in 74 of 336 patients with CeAD observed at the Research Center of Neurology (Moscow) from 2000 to 2021. The average patient's age at the time of TGF-β study was 41.
Objective: Dissection of the carotid artery (CaAD) may result in aneurysm formation. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the time of onset of post-dissection extracranial carotid artery aneurysms (ECAA) following CaAD, and to analyse independent risk factors for the development of these aneurysms.
Methods: From four European stroke centres, 360 patients with extracranial CaAD were included.
Objective: To study the frequency, angiographic and clinical features of aneurysms and tortuosity (T) in patients with internal carotid artery (ICA) and vertebral artery (VA) dissection.
Material And Methods: Three hundred and twenty-seven patients (average age - 37.8±9.
Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova
December 2021
Objective: To study the frequency of CeAD that developed during pregnancy or in post partum period among all CeADs in women; to study the course of pregnancy in women with prior CeAD.
Material And Methods: 162 women (mean age 37.1±4.
Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova
September 2021
Cervical artery dissection (CeAD) due to arterial wall weakness (dysplasia) is one of the most common causes of ischemic stroke (IS) at a young age. A rare and little known cause of CeAD is Turner's syndrome (TS)-is an inherited disease caused by completely or partially missing X chromosome. In this paper, we describe 2 female patients, aged 27 and 33 years, with genetically confirmed TS (karyotype 45X0) and internal carotid artery dissection(ICAD).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFZh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova
September 2021
Objective: To study clinical/laboratory signs of primary vasculitis (PV) of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and vertebral artery (VA).
Material And Methods: We examined 31 patients (23 men, 74%, mean age - 36.2±5.
Objectives: Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) associated with age and vascular risk factors is one of the leading causes of cognitive disorders as well as ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. The pathogenesis of this disease has not been fully understood yet. The previously established association of the antibodies against the NR2 subunit of the NMDA receptor (NR2ab) with the mechanisms of SVD such as ischemia and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, might suggest their importance in the brain damage.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFZh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova
April 2021
Aim/: To assess individual values of salt sensitivity and osmotic fragility on the patient's erythrocytes and evaluate predictive ability of these parameters in the development of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD).
Material And Methods: The study included 73 patients with CSVD (48 women, mean age 60.1±6.
Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova
January 2021
Objective: To perform cluster analysis of MRI signs of cerebral microangiopathy (small vessel disease, SVD) and to clarify the relationship between the isolated groups and circulating markers of inflammation and angiogenesis.
Material And Methods: The identification of groups of MRI signs (MRI types) using cluster hierarchical agglomerative analysis and iterative algorithm of k-means and assessment of their relationship with serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α (HIF1-α) determined by ELISA were performed in 96 patients with SVD (STRIVE, 2013) (65 women, average age 60.91±6.
Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova
December 2020
The authors present the current data on the classification, epidemiology, etiology, neurological manifestations, prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD). The review is based on the selection of publications by searching PubMed for keywords from the first sources until March 2019. FMD is a segmental non-atherosclerotic and non-inflammatory disease of large- and medium-caliber arteries leading to their stenosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFZh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova
October 2020
Paradoxical embolism is one of the mechanisms of ischemic stroke in patients younger than 45 years of age, due to opening between the right and left chambers of the heart through a patent foramen ovale, an atrial or ventricular septal defect, pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs), etc. The PAVMs are structurally abnormal vessels that provide direct capillary-free communication between the pulmonary and systemic circulations, and hence an anatomic "right-to-left" shunt. Most pulmonary malformations are congenital and associated with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Rendu-Osler-Weber disease).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is the leading cause of vascular and mixed degenerative cognitive impairment (CI). The variability in the rate of progression of CSVD justifies the search for sensitive predictors of CI.
Materials: A total of 74 patients (48 women, average age 60.
Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova
July 2020
Chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids (CLIPPERS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, mainly affecting the brain stem, cerebellum and spinal cord. The clinical picture includes gradually developing ataxia, double vision, dysarthria, pyramidal and cognitive impairment. Morphological examination reveals T-cell perivascular lymphocytic infiltration with CD4 lymphocytes predominance over CD8 lymphocytes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground And Purpose: Most recurrent cervical artery dissection (CeAD) events occur shortly after the acute first CeAD. This study compared the characteristics of recurrent and first CeAD events and searched for associations between subsequent events of an individual person.
Methods: Cervical artery dissection patients with a new CeAD event occurring during a 3-6 month follow-up were retrospectively selected in seven specialized stroke centers.
The evaluation of the clustering of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signs into MRI types and their relationship with circulating markers of vascular wall damage were performed in 96 patients with cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) (31 men and 65 women; mean age, 60.91 ± 6.57 years).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFZh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova
January 2020
Cervical artery dissection is the common cause of ischemic stroke in young and middle-age patients. According to our previous studies, dissection is related to arterial wall dysplastic changes, which in their turn are due to mitochondrial cytopathy. The authors describe three male patients who at the age of 53, 25 and 35 years underwent internal artery (ICA) dissection with occlusion of its lumen and subsequent recanalization in one of them.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrimary vasculitis (angiitis) of the central nervous system (PACNS) is a rare disease targeting the vessels of the brain, spinal cord and leptomeninges without systemic involvement. The etiology is not clear enough. The authors review clinical, laboratory and radiological features of PACNS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is one of the leading causes of cognitive impairment and stroke. The importance of endothelial dysfunction and high blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability in pathogenesis, together with ischemia, is under discussion. The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signs of SVD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Age-related cerebral microangiopathy (small vessel disease, SVD) is the main cause of vascular and mixed cognitive impairment (CI) with a complex neuropsychological profile.
Aim: To investigate the role of arterial and venous blood flow and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow, as well as their interrelation, in the forming of CI types in patients with SVD.
Material And Methods: Fifty patients (31 f.
Ester-functionalized pyridinium ionic liquids (ILs), 1-decyloxycarbonylmethylpyridinium chloride (PyrСOOC-Cl), and 1-dodecyloxycarbonylmethylpyridinium chloride (PyrСOOC-Cl) have been synthesized and studied for their environmental toxicity. Simple long-chain pyridinium ILs, 1-dodecylpyridinium chloride (PyrC-Cl), and commercial disinfectant cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) were used as reference compounds. Both ester-functionalized ILs and CPC showed significantly reduced antibacterial activity compared to PyrC-Cl.
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