Automatic Segmentation of Kidneys and Kidney Tumors: The KiTS19 International Challenge.

Clinicians rely on imaging features to calculate complexity of renal masses based on validated scoring systems. These scoring methods are labor-intensive and are subjected to interobserver variability. Artificial intelligence has been increasingly utilized by the medical community to solve such issues.

Computer-Generated R.E.N.A.L. Nephrometry Scores Yield Comparable Predictive Results to Those of Human-Expert Scores in Predicting Oncologic and Perioperative Outcomes.

Purpose: We sought to automate R.E.N.

Ga-Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography Maximum Standardized Uptake Value as a Predictor of Gleason Pattern 4 and Pathological Upgrading in Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer.

Purpose: Accurate risk stratification remains a barrier for the safety of active surveillance in patients with intermediate-risk prostate cancer. [Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography/computerized tomography (Ga-PSMA PET/CT) and the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) may improve risk stratification within this population.

Materials And Methods: We reviewed men with International Society for Urological Pathology Grade Group (GG) 2-3 disease on transperineal template biopsy undergoing Ga-PSMA PET/CT from November 2015 to January 2021.

Drain fluid creatinine-to-serum creatinine ratio as an initial test to detect urine leakage following cystectomy: A retrospective study.

Introduction: Urine leak following radical cystectomy is a known complication. Among the various methods to diagnose this, assessment of drain fluid creatinine is a relatively easy procedure. We aimed to ascertain the validity of the drain fluid creatinine-to-serum creatinine ratio (DCSCR) as an initial indicator of urinary leak in patients undergoing radical cystectomy.

Alvimopan as part of the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery protocol following radical cystectomy is associated with decreased hospital stay.

Objective: To study the effect of alvimopan and the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery protocol on length of hospital stay in patients undergoing radical cystectomy.

Methods: Our retrospective study involved 296 consecutive patients undergoing radical cystectomy for bladder cancer at our institution from 2010 through 2018. Patients were grouped according to three stages of the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery protocol implementation: (i) pre-Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (group A; n = 146); (ii) pre-alvimopan Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (group B; n = 102); and (iii) Enhanced Recovery After Surgery plus alvimopan (group C; n = 48).

Combined Utility of Ga-Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography and Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Predicting Prostate Biopsy Pathology.

Background: Gallium-labelled prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography (Ga-PSMA-11 PET) is a valuable staging tool, but its utility in characterising primary prostate cancer remains unclear. The maximum standardised uptake value (SUVmax) is a quantification measure of highest radiotracer uptake within PET-avid lesions.

Objective: To assess the utility of SUVmax in detecting clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) on biopsy alone and in combination with multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI).

The role of open radical nephrectomy in contemporary management of renal cell carcinoma.

Radical nephrectomy (RN) remains a cornerstone of the management of localised renal cell carcinoma (RCC). RN involves the en bloc removal of the kidney along with perinephric fat enclosed within Gerota's fascia. Key principles of open RN include appropriate incision for adequate exposure, dissection and visualisation of the renal hilum, and early ligation of the renal artery and subsequently renal vein.

The state of the art in kidney and kidney tumor segmentation in contrast-enhanced CT imaging: Results of the KiTS19 challenge.

There is a large body of literature linking anatomic and geometric characteristics of kidney tumors to perioperative and oncologic outcomes. Semantic segmentation of these tumors and their host kidneys is a promising tool for quantitatively characterizing these lesions, but its adoption is limited due to the manual effort required to produce high-quality 3D segmentations of these structures. Recently, methods based on deep learning have shown excellent results in automatic 3D segmentation, but they require large datasets for training, and there remains little consensus on which methods perform best.

Public Perceptions of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics in Medicine.

To understand better the public perception and comprehension of medical technology such as artificial intelligence (AI) and robotic surgery. In addition to this, to identify sensitivity to their use to ensure acceptability and quality of counseling. A survey was conducted on a convenience sample of visitors to the MN Minnesota State Fair ( = 264).

The fate of urological systematic reviews registered in PROSPERO.

Purpose: To identify urologic systematic reviews (SRs) registered to PROSPERO that resulted in a publication, and to evaluate their methodological quality and concordance with their stated a priori protocols.

Methods: We searched PubMed to identify urologic SR protocols registered in PROSPERO that resulted in a publication and assessed their methodological quality and protocols in relation to their stated a priori protocols in PROSPERO.

Results: Of the 576 urologic SR protocols registered in PROSPERO up to December 2017, 201 (34.

Adherence to Active Surveillance Protocols for Low-risk Prostate Cancer: Results of the Movember Foundation's Global Action Plan Prostate Cancer Active Surveillance Initiative.

Background: Active surveillance (AS) enrolment criteria and follow-up schedules for low-risk prostate cancer vary between institutions. However, uncertainty remains about adherence to these protocols.

Objective: To determine adherence to institution-specific AS inclusion criteria and follow-up schedules within the Movember Foundation's Global Action Plan Prostate Cancer Active Surveillance (GAP3) initiative.

Detection and localisation of primary prostate cancer using gallium prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography/computed tomography compared with multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging and radical prostatectomy specimen pathology.

Objective: To compare the accuracy of gallium prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography/computed tomography ( Ga-PSMA PET/CT) with multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) in detecting and localising primary prostate cancer when compared with radical prostatectomy (RP) specimen pathology.

Patients And Methods: Retrospective review of men who underwent Ga-PSMA PET/CT and mpMRI for primary prostate cancer before RP across four centres between 2015 and 2018. Patients undergoing imaging for recurrent disease or before non-surgical treatment were excluded.

Robotic Assisted Radical Cystectomy vs Open Radical Cystectomy: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Purpose: We performed an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of outcomes important to patients in those undergoing robot-assisted and open radical cystectomy.

Materials And Methods: Multiple scientific databases were searched up to July 2018 for randomized, controlled trials comparing robot-assisted and open radical cystectomy. The primary outcomes of interest were disease progression, major (Clavien III-V) complications and 90-day quality of life.

Medium-term oncological outcomes for extended vs saturation biopsy and transrectal vs transperineal biopsy in active surveillance for prostate cancer.

Objective: To assess, in men undergoing active surveillance (AS) for low-risk prostate cancer, whether saturation or transperineal biopsy altered oncological outcomes, compared with standard transrectal biopsy.

Patients And Methods: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from two cohorts with localised prostate cancer (1998-2012) undergoing AS. Prostate cancer-specific, metastasis-free and treatment-free survival, unfavourable disease and significant cancer at radical prostatectomy (RP) were compared for standard (<12 core, median 10) vs saturation (>12 core, median 16), and transrectal vs transperineal biopsy, using multivariate analysis.