Unveiling the impact of antibiotic stress on biofilm formation and expression of toxin-antitoxin system genes in Clostridium difficile clinical isolates.

Objectives: The study investigates how antibiotics affect biofilm formation and toxin gene expression in Clostridium difficile, which is essential for its survival and persistence.

Methods: The study confirmed 25 strains of C. difficile and assessed biofilm formation.

Proteomics Exploration of to Design an Innovative Multi-Epitope mRNA Vaccine.

Brucellosis is a chronic and debilitating disease in humans, causing great economic losses in the livestock industry. Making an effective vaccine is one of the most important concerns for this disease. The new mRNA vaccine technology due to its accuracy and high efficiency has given promising results in various diseases.

GNAT toxin may have a potential role in persistence: an and study.

Persistent cells are primarily responsible for developing antibiotic resistance and the recurrence of . This study investigated the possible role of GNAT toxin in persistence. was exposed to five MIC concentrations of ciprofloxacin.

Development of innovative multi-epitope mRNA vaccine against Pseudomonas aeruginosa using in silico approaches.

The rising issue of antibiotic resistance has made treating Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections increasingly challenging. Therefore, vaccines have emerged as a viable alternative to antibiotics for preventing P. aeruginosa infections in susceptible individuals.

Novel toxin-based mRNA vaccine against Clostridium perfringens using in silico approaches.

Clostridium perfringens is a bacterium that causes gastrointestinal diseases in humans and animals. The several powerful toxins such as alpha toxin (CPA), beta toxin (CPB), enterotoxin (CPE), Epsilon toxin (ETX), and theta toxin, play a major role in its pathogenesis. Traditional vaccine development methods are time-consuming and costly.

Inhibitory Effects of Carvacrol on Biofilm Formation in Colistin Heteroresistant Clinical Isolates.

Background: The ability of bacteria to form biofilm is an essential strategy for creating stable infections. This issue is more critical in Acinetobacter bauamannii as a hospital pathogen. Today, the control of biofilm formation and solutions to prevent or remove biofilm is being developed.

Microbiological and drug resistance patterns of bronchoalveolar lavage samples taken from hospitalized patients in Iran.

Introduction: Pulmonary diseases are amongst the most common causes of premature death and distressing disorders worldwide. This study aimed to detect the fastidious and routine infectious agents, and their drug resistance patterns in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples.

Methods: A total of 44 BAL samples were collected by bronchoscopy from patients with respiratory disorders hospitalized at 2 teaching hospitals in Ilam, Iran.

abkBA toxin-antitoxin system may act as antipersister modules in clinical isolates.

Persistence cells comprise a subpopulation of bacteria that is resistant to treatment. In this study, the role of the toxin-antitoxin (TA) system in the formation of persistence cells of isolates was investigated. After confirming all isolates, TA systems abkBA, mqsRA and higBA were identified.

Fabrication and characterization of Persian gum-based hydrogel loaded with gentamicin-loaded natural zeolite: An in vitro and in silico study.

The main purpose of this study is to synthesize and characterize Persian gum-based hydrogel composited with gentamicin (Gen)-loaded natural zeolite (Clinoptilolite) and to evaluate its biological properties. Clinoptilolite (CLN) was decorated with Gen, and the conjugation was confirmed using computational and experimental assessments. The Monte Carlo adsorption locator module was used to reveal the physicochemical nature of the adsorption processes of Gen on CLN and ALG and gum on Gen@ CLN in Materials Studio 2017 software.

In Vitro and In Silico Investigation of some Type II TA Genes in H. Pylori.

Background: In addition to antibiotic resistance, the entry of Helicobacter pylori into the persistence phase leads to recurrent and chronic infections, as well as the development of antibiotic resistance in persister cells.

Methods: In this study, after genetic confirmation of H. pylori in 20 biopsy specimens, the prevalence of the type II TA systems mazEF, relEB, yafQ/dinJ was investigated.

Study of the Proteins Involved in the Persistence of spp.

Background: One of the major problems with Brucella infections is its tendency to become chronic and recurrent, providing a hindrance to the management of this infection. It has been proposed that chronicity is greatly affected by a phenomenon called persistence in bacteria. Several mechanisms are involved in bacterial persistence, including the type II toxin-antitoxin system, the SOS and oxidative and stringent responses.

Effect of Chlorhexidine (CHX) and Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) on the Biofilm Formation of Enterococcus faecalis.

Background: Biofilm makes bacteria resistant to antimicrobial agents and facilitates the transmission of infectious diseases in hospitals. Disinfectant compounds are frequently used to control surface contamination. This study was designed to investigate the effect of chlorhexidine (CHX) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on biofilm formation of Enterococcus faecalis.

Genotyping of Listeria monocytogenes isolates by high-resolution melting curve (HRM) analysis of tandem repeat locus.

Listeria monocytogenes is responsible for causing listeriosis, a type of food poisoning with high mortality. This bacterium is mainly transmitted to humans through the consumption of contaminated foods. Detection of L.

In silico Investigation of Lon Protease as a Promising Therapeutic Target.

Considering the widespread occurrence of antibiotic resistance, the need for new therapeutic strategies is inevitable. Bacterial proteases are a broad set of enzymes that play a vital role in cell survival, stress response, and pathogenicity. This study was aimed to focus on the crucial role of Lon protease in the regulation of toxin-antitoxin systems in and to design inhibitory peptides against the action of this protease.

Isolation of persister cells within the biofilm and relative gene expression analysis of type II toxin/antitoxin system in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in exponential and stationary phases.

Objectives: Chronic infections and treatment failure are concerning issues in patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. Persister cell formation in biofilm is considered a key reason for antibiotic resistance and treatment failure. In this study, expression of type II toxin/antitoxin (TA) system genes (relBE, Xre-COG5654, vapBC and Xre-GNAT) in persister cells of biofilm was evaluated in the presence of the antibiotics ciprofloxacin and colistin during exponential and stationary phases.

Transcriptome analysis of biofilm formation under aerobic and microaerobic conditions in clinical isolates of Campylobacter spp.

It has been well documented that Campylobacter is the leading cause of foodborne infections and bacterial enteritis in high-income countries. The gastrointestinal tract of most warm-blooded animals, such as mammals and poultry, is prone to this pathogen. Infections caused by this bacterium in humans have usually been associated with the consumption of contaminated poultry meat.

Survey on phenotypic resistance in Enterococcus faecalis: comparison between the expression of biofilm-associated genes in Enterococcus faecalis persister and non-persister cells.

Background: Phenotypic resistance is considered as a serious therapeutic challenge for which a definitive remedy has not been discovered yet. Biofilm and persister cell formation are two well-studied phenotypic resistance phenomena, leading to the recalcitrance and relapse of different types of chronic infections. The presence of persister cells in biofilm structures seems to be one of the main factors contributing to the relapse of infections and treatment failure.

Inhibitory Effects of Lactococcus lactis and its Supernatant on Listeria monocytogenes.

Background: The application of biological compounds generated by lactic acid bacteria, especially Lactococcus lactis, is recently considered to be a natural preservative for improving quality and health of food. The purpose of this study is to investigate the inhibitory potential of L. lactis supernatant on the expression of inlA, plc, and hly genes related to L.

Therapeutic effects, immunogenicity and cytotoxicity of a cell penetrating peptide-peptide nucleic acid conjugate against of in cell culture and animal model.

Background And Objectives: causes several gastrointestinal diseases, including asymptomatic gastritis, chronic peptic ulcer, duodenal ulcer, lymphoma of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), and gastric adenocarcinoma. In recent years, failure to eradicate infections has become an alarming problem for physicians. It is now clear that the current treatment strategies may become ineffective, necessitating the development of innovative antimicrobial compounds as alternative treatments.

Expression of type II toxin-antitoxin systems and ClpP protease of methicillin-resistant under thermal and oxidative stress conditions.

Background And Objectives: is a main human pathogen that causes a variety of chronic to persistent infections. Across the diverse factors of pathogenesis in bacteria, Toxin-Antitoxin (TA) systems can be considered as an anti-bacterial target due to their involvement in cellular physiology counting stress responses. Here, the expression of TA system genes and ClpP protease was investigated under the thermal and oxidative conditions in strains.

Evaluation of gene expression and protein structural modeling involved in persister cell formation in Salmonella Typhimurium.

Persisters are phenotypic variants of the bacterial population that survive against lethal doses of bactericidal antibiotics.These phenotypes are created in numerous bacterial species, including those of clinical significance, such as Salmonella Typhimurium. Since persister cells are associated with the failure of antibiotic treatment and infection recurrence, it is crucial to identify the mechanisms that influence the formation of these cells.

Evaluation of high-resolution melting analysis for -typing of methicillin-resistant and -susceptible isolates.

Molecular characterization of isolates from nosocomial and community-acquired infections using accurate, reproducible, and rapid typing methods is essential for the fast identification of prevalent and epidemic strains. Although sequence-based typing is highly effective, PCR-based techniques (such as high-resolution melting curve analysis, HRM) are simpler, less expensive, faster, and can be performed in a single and closed-tube assay format, thereby reducing the risk of contamination. A total of 51 methicillin-resistant (MRSA) ( = 26) and methicillin-sensitive (MSSA) ( = 25) isolates from Karaj ( = 10) and Yasuj ( = 41), Iran, were subjected to HRM.

Evaluation of cell-penetrating peptide-peptide nucleic acid effect in the inhibition of cagA in Helicobacter pylori.

Helicobacter pylori is the most common cause of chronic infection in human and is associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and adenocarcinoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue cells. Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) is a synthetic compound, which can inhibit the production of a particular gene. This study aimed to investigate the effect of PNA on inhibiting the expression of cagA.