Multicenter prospective feasibility study on compliance, safety, and acceptance of small bowel and colon capsule endoscopy in the out-of-clinic setting in Japan.

Objectives: We aimed to determine the compliance, safety, and acceptance of colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) and small bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) in an out-of-clinic setting remotely supported by medical staff.

Methods: We enrolled 30 examinees (24 with CCE and six with SBCE) who had not undergone CE at six gastroenterological centers. All examinees were provided with instructions on equipment and bowel preparations.

[Advanced Gastric Cancer with Virchow's Lymph Node Metastasis-A Long-Term Survival Case].

A 36-year-old woman presented to our hospital with a complaint of melena. Examinations revealed type 3 gastric cancer with left supraclavicular lymph node(Virchow's node)and para-aortic lymph node(PAN)metastases. The patient was treated with S-1 and CDDP combination chemotherapy.

Association between being breastfed in infancy and adult colorectal cancer risk among Japanese men and women.

It has been postulated that being breastfed in infancy affects not only health status in childhood but also disease risk in adulthood. To investigate the association of being breastfed with the risks of adult colorectal cancer and benign tumor, we conducted a case-control study including 1190 colorectal cancer and 1585 benign tumor cases and 5301 controls, admitted to a single hospital in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, between 1997 and 2013. History of having been breastfed was assessed using a self-administered questionnaire, and odds ratios (ORs) were estimated using unconditional logistic regression.

Genotype-phenotype correlation of small-intestinal polyps on small-bowel capsule endoscopy in familial adenomatous polyposis.

Background And Aims: In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), neoplastic lesions outside the colon have become increasingly important. The genotype-phenotype correlation has been established for duodenal polyps, and regular screening is recommended. However, this correlation remains unclear for small-intestinal lesions, except for reports on the relationship between their occurrence and Spigelman stage.

Endoscopic features of colorectal lymphoma according to histological type.

Background And Aim: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the histological type of colorectal lymphoma and its endoscopic features.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients with primary colorectal lymphoma who were diagnosed using colonoscopy and biopsy specimens at the National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. The lesions were macroscopically classified into the following types via colonoscopy: polypoid, ulcerative, multiple lymphomatous polyposis, diffuse, and mixed.

Association of Escherichia coli containing polyketide synthase in the gut microbiota with colorectal neoplasia in Japan.

Escherichia coli containing polyketide synthase in the gut microbiota (pks E coli) produce a polyketide-peptide genotoxin, colibactin, and are suspected to play a role in the development of colorectal neoplasia. To clarify the role of pks E coli in the early stage of tumorigenesis, we investigated whether the pks status of E coli was associated with the prevalence of colorectal neoplasia. This cross-sectional analysis of data from a prospective cohort in Izu Oshima, Japan included asymptomatic residents aged 40-79 years who underwent screening colonoscopy and provided a stool sample.

Risk Stratification Score Improves Sensitivity for Advanced Colorectal Neoplasia in Colorectal Cancer Screening: The Oshima Study Workgroup.

Introduction: Noninvasive colorectal cancer (CRC) screening methods with higher sensitivity for advanced colorectal neoplasia (ACN) than the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) alone are warranted. This study aimed to elucidate the diagnostic performance of a risk stratification score calculated using baseline individual characteristics and its combination with FIT for detecting ACN.

Methods: This cross-sectional analysis of data from a prospective cohort in Izu Oshima, Japan, included asymptomatic individuals age 40-79 years who underwent both 2-day quantitative FIT and screening colonoscopy.

Risk of metachronous neoplastic lesions during post-polypectomy surveillance in individuals with advanced colorectal neoplasia at initial screening colonoscopy.

Background And Aim: The evidence of associations between some types of advanced colorectal neoplasia (ACN) at baseline and the risk of metachronous neoplasia is inconsistent. This study aimed to elucidate the incidence of metachronous neoplasia during post-polypectomy surveillance in individuals with ACN at baseline and examine the risk factors for its high incidence.

Methods: Data from individuals who underwent endoscopic resection for ACN and received surveillance colonoscopy were analyzed.

Association between dietary sugar intake and colorectal adenoma among cancer screening examinees in Japan.

Although intake of highly sugary foods is considered to be a potential risk factor for colorectal cancer through hyperinsulinemia, the association of sugar intake and colorectal adenoma, a precursor lesion to most colorectal cancer, is poorly understood, particularly in Asian populations. We undertook a cross-sectional study in a Japanese population to investigate the association between dietary sugar intake and the prevalence of colorectal adenoma. Study subjects were selected from participants who underwent magnifying colonoscopy with dye spraying as part of a cancer screening program and who responded to a self-administered questionnaire before the colonoscopy.

Prevalence of serrated lesions, risk factors, and their association with synchronous advanced colorectal neoplasia in asymptomatic screened individuals.

Background And Aim: Serrated lesions (SLs) have attracted attention as precursors of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, their prevalence, risk factors, and clinical significance have not been satisfactorily elucidated. This study used high-quality colonoscopy data to determine the prevalence of SLs and to identify their risk factors and relationship with synchronous advanced colorectal neoplasia (ACN) in asymptomatic screened individuals.

Family history of colorectal cancer and prevalence of advanced colorectal neoplasia in asymptomatic screened populations in different age groups.

Background And Aims: The clinical significance of a family history (FH) of colorectal cancer (CRC) in first-degree relatives (FDRs) in CRC screening stratified by different age groups of screened individuals is not fully understood. We investigated the relationship between FH and the presence of advanced colorectal neoplasia (ACN) in screened individuals in different age groups.

Methods: Data from screened individuals aged 40 to 54 years (n = 2263) and 55 to 69 years (n = 2621) who underwent their first-ever screening colonoscopy were analyzed.

Alcohol consumption and survival after breast cancer diagnosis in Japanese women: A prospective patient cohort study.

Background: It is unclear whether alcohol consumption may impact survival after breast cancer diagnosis. To clarify the association between pretreatment alcohol consumption and survival in breast cancer patients, a prospective patient cohort study was conducted.

Methods: The cohort comprised 1,420 breast cancer patients diagnosed during 1997-2013 at a single institute in Japan.

Feasibility of observational screening colonoscopy followed by deferred polypectomy.

Background And Aim: With the increasing necessity of colorectal cancer screening, observational screening colonoscopy during which only endoscopic observation and diagnosis is performed is worth consideration. However, whether detected lesions can be correctly identified at secondary colonoscopy performed for polypectomy is unclear. Further, whether new neoplastic lesions can be detected at secondary colonoscopy has not been fully examined.

Incidence of Advanced Colorectal Neoplasia in Individuals With Untreated Diminutive Colorectal Adenomas Diagnosed by Magnifying Image-Enhanced Endoscopy.

Objectives: Because of the increasing number of detected diminutive colorectal adenomas, the "diagnose-and-do-not-resect" approach has recently attracted attention as an alternative to resection. We evaluated the cumulative incidence of advanced colorectal neoplasia (ACN) in individuals with untreated diminutive adenomas and compared this incidence in individuals without adenomas.

Methods: Data from 1,378 individuals who underwent first screening colonoscopy (CS) and at least one follow-up CS without polypectomy were analyzed.

Loss of protein phosphatase 6 in mouse keratinocytes enhances K-ras -driven tumor promotion.

Here, we address the function of protein phosphatase 6 (PP6) loss on K-ras-initiated tumorigenesis in keratinocytes. To do so, we developed tamoxifen-inducible double mutant (K-ras -expressing and Ppp6c-deficient) mice in which K-ras expression is driven by the cytokeratin 14 (K14) promoter. Doubly-mutant mice showed early onset tumor formation in lips, nipples, external genitalia, anus and palms, and had to be killed by 3 weeks after induction by tamoxifen, while comparably-treated K-ras -expressing mice did not.

Associations of cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking with stomach cancer survival: A prospective patient cohort study in Japan.

Cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking may affect the prognosis of stomach cancer, but evidence has been inconsistent. We investigated the associations between pretreatment smoking and alcohol drinking and the risk of all-cause and stomach cancer death among 1,576 patients with histologically confirmed stomach cancer diagnosed during 1997-2010 at a single hospital in Japan. Histories of smoking and alcohol drinking were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire.

Molecular and clinical features of the signature gene expression profile in early-stage breast cancer.

Purpose: signature has a robust predictive performance for prognosis in early-stage breast cancer, but the experiment that reported this relied on public microarray data and fresh-frozen samples. Before signature can be used in a clinical setting, a simple and low-cost diagnostic system using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples is needed. New treatments based on the biological characteristics of signature are expected to follow.

A scoring model for predicting advanced colorectal neoplasia in a screened population of asymptomatic Japanese individuals.

Background: Risk stratification of screened populations could help improve colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. Use of the modified Asia-Pacific Colorectal Screening (APCS) score has been proposed in the Asia-Pacific region. This study was performed to build a new useful scoring model for CRC screening.

Genetic and epigenetic alterations in normal tissues have differential impacts on cancer risk among tissues.

Genetic and epigenetic alterations are both involved in carcinogenesis, and their low-level accumulation in normal tissues constitutes cancer risk. However, their relative importance has never been examined, as measurement of low-level mutations has been difficult. Here, we measured low-level accumulations of genetic and epigenetic alterations in normal tissues with low, intermediate, and high cancer risk and analyzed their relative effects on cancer risk in the esophagus and stomach.

Alcohol Consumption and Breast Cancer Risk According to Hormone Receptor Status in Japanese Women: A Case-Control Study.

Alcohol consumption is a risk factor for breast cancer in Western countries, but few studies have evaluated the risk for Japanese women, who have a relatively low alcohol intake. This case-control study investigated the association of alcohol consumption with breast cancer risk according to estrogen-receptor and progesterone-receptor (ER/PgR) status in Japanese women. From female patients aged 30 years and over admitted to a single hospital in Japan between 1997 and 2011, 1,256 breast cancer cases (669 ER+/PgR+, 162 ER+/PgR-, 21 ER-/PgR+, 305 ER-/PgR-, and 99 missing) and 2,933 controls were selected.

Quantitative diagnostic imaging of cancer tissues by using phosphor-integrated dots with ultra-high brightness.

The quantitative sensitivity and dynamic range of conventional immunohistochemistry (IHC) with 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (IHC-DAB) used in pathological diagnosis in hospitals are poor, because enzyme activity can affect the IHC-DAB chromogenic reaction. Although fluorescent IHC can effectively increase the quantitative sensitivity of conventional IHC, tissue autofluorescence interferes with the sensitivity. Here, we created new fluorescent nanoparticles called phosphor-integrated dots (PIDs).

Minimal impact of postmastectomy radiation therapy on locoregional recurrence for breast cancer patients with 1 to 3 positive lymph nodes in the modern treatment era.

Introduction: Given modern treatment strategies, controversy remains regarding whether postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) is necessary for breast cancer patients with 1-3 positive axillary lymph nodes (ALN). Our aim was to assess the significance of PMRT in the modern treatment era for these patients.

Material And Methods: We have conducted the retrospective multicenter study and identified 658 patients with 1-3 positive ALN who were treated with mastectomy and ALN dissection between 1999 and 2012.