TRBP2, a Major Component of the RNAi Machinery, Is Subjected to Cell Cycle-Dependent Regulation in Human Cancer Cells of Diverse Tissue Origin.

Background: Transactivation Response Element RNA-binding Protein (TRBP2) is a double-stranded RNA-binding protein widely known for its critical contribution to RNA interference (RNAi), a conserved mechanism of gene-expression regulation mediated through small non-coding RNA moieties (ncRNAs). Nevertheless, TRBP2 has also proved to be involved in other molecular pathways and biological processes, such as cell growth, organism development, spermatogenesis, and stress response. Mutations or aberrant expression of TRBP2 have been previously associated with diverse human pathologies, including Alzheimer's disease, cardiomyopathy, and cancer, with TRBP2 playing an essential role(s) in proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of tumor cells.

TarBase-v9.0 extends experimentally supported miRNA-gene interactions to cell-types and virally encoded miRNAs.

TarBase is a reference database dedicated to produce, curate and deliver high quality experimentally-supported microRNA (miRNA) targets on protein-coding transcripts. In its latest version (v9.0, https://dianalab.

Identifying and profiling structural similarities between Spike of SARS-CoV-2 and other viral or host proteins with Machaon.

Using protein structure to predict function, interactions, and evolutionary history is still an open challenge, with existing approaches relying extensively on protein homology and families. Here, we present Machaon, a data-driven method combining orientation invariant metrics on phi-psi angles, inter-residue contacts and surface complexity. It can be readily applied on whole structures or segments-such as domains and binding sites.

Conservative treatment may be still considered a viable therapeutic option for patients with spontaneous non-specific pyogenic spondylodiscitis. A retrospective audit study of 47 patients.

Background: Spontaneous non-specific pyogenic spondylodiscitis (SNPS) is a rare medical condition, whose optimal treatment remains controversial. We evaluated the multidisciplinary protocol implemented at our department for the conservative treatment of patients with SNPS.

Methods: Patients with lumbar or thoracic SNPS, whose treatment was initiated conservatively and had at least six months of follow-up, were enrolled in this retrospective audit study.

Medial pivot design does not yield superior results compared to posterior-stabilised total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised control trials.

Purpose: The aim of this meta-analysis was a comparison between medial pivot (MP) and posterior-stabilised (PS) knee designs regarding functional and radiological outcomes as well as gait parameters.

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct and Clinical Trials.gov from conception up to April 2022, to identify eligible randomised control trials (RCTs).

The effect of S427F mutation on RXRα activity depends on its dimeric partner.

RXRs are nuclear receptors acting as transcription regulators that control key cellular processes in all tissues. All type II nuclear receptors require RXRs for transcriptional activity by forming heterodimeric complexes. Recent whole-exome sequencing studies have identified the RXRα S427F hotspot mutation in 5% of the bladder cancer patients, which is always located at the interface of RXRα with its obligatory dimerization partners.

Cystic Echinococcosis of the Ilium Treated with Curettage and Microwave Thermoablation Followed by Bone Cement Installation: A Novel Treatment Technique for a Rare Disease.

Bone cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a rare condition requiring a high level of suspicion during primary diagnosis. Wide excision of the lesion is the gold standard of treatment, posing however extreme challenges in certain parts of the skeleton, since it may well be accompanied by increased morbidity. We report the case of a 35-year-old Caucasian female with iliac bone CE, referred to our department (a regional referral center for the treatment of patients with musculoskeletal tumors).

Constrained liners revisited: favourable mid-term results in patients with high-risk of dislocation: technical considerations for the optimal outcome.

Background: The outcomes of constrained liners (CLs) in total hip arthroplasty (THA) remain inconclusive. We evaluated the mid-term performance of CLs in a consecutive series of high-risk dislocation patients undergoing primary or revision THA performed by a single surgeon. The survival, dislocation rate, complications, and functional patients' scores were assessed.

Total hip arthroplasty in patients with slipped capital femoral epiphysis: a systematic analysis of 915 cases.

There is limited evidence on the outcomes of Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) in Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE) patients. This systematic review aims to evaluate the current literature in terms of survival rate, functional outcomes, complications and types of implants of THA in SCFE patients. Following the established methodology of PRISMA guidelines, PubMed, Cochrane library, ScienceDirect and Ovid MEDLINE were systematically searched from inception to September 2018.

Dicing the Disease with Dicer: The Implications of Dicer Ribonuclease in Human Pathologies.

Gene expression dictates fundamental cellular processes and its de-regulation leads to pathological conditions. A key contributor to the fine-tuning of gene expression is Dicer, an RNA-binding protein (RBPs) that forms complexes and affects transcription by acting at the post-transcriptional level via the targeting of mRNAs by Dicer-produced small non-coding RNAs. This review aims to present the contribution of Dicer protein in a wide spectrum of human pathological conditions, including cancer, neurological, autoimmune, reproductive and cardiovascular diseases, as well as viral infections.

The Effect of Perioperative Vitamin D Levels on the Functional, Patient-Related Outcome Measures and the Risk of Infection Following Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of perioperative vitamin D levels in terms of functional results, patient-related outcome measures (PROMs) and infection risk after hip or knee replacement.

Materials And Methods: A systematic search in PubMed, Cochrane library, ScienceDirect and ClinicalTrials.gov was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines from inception to January 2020.

Technical Considerations of Complex Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty in a Rare Case of Combined Achondroplasia and Hereditary Multiple Exostosis Syndromes.

Introduction: Combined achondroplasia and hereditary multiple exostosis (HME) syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant inherited skeletal dysplasia. We report, for the 1sttime, a complex primary hip arthroplasty in a patient with combined achondroplasia and HME syndrome. We emphasize to the femoral and acetabular surgical concerns and difficulties of the surgical exposure and soft tissue balancing for this complex procedure.

From the Argonauts Mythological Sailors to the Argonautes RNA-Silencing Navigators: Their Emerging Roles in Human-Cell Pathologies.

Regulation of gene expression has emerged as a fundamental element of transcript homeostasis. Key effectors in this process are the Argonautes (AGOs), highly specialized RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) that form complexes, such as the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC). AGOs dictate post-transcriptional gene-silencing by directly loading small RNAs and repressing their mRNA targets through small RNA-sequence complementarity.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Can Masquerade as Acute Postoperative Periprosthetic Joint Infection.

Fever etiology during the first postoperative days following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) may be challenging to solve. Early periprosthetic joint infection is the main reason; however, other equally important causes must be excluded such as thrombosis, deep venous thrombosis, and chest or urinary tract infections. We report the case of a 70-year-old Caucasian female patient presented with high fever reaching 39°C, fatigue, and myalgia lasting for a week after a fully cemented primary TKA.

Does the sternum play a role in the aetiopathogenesis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis? Preliminary data of a new theory.

Background: The role of the sternum, if any, in the aetiopathogenesis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) remains unexplored. We evaluated morphological features of the sternum for the first time in individuals with AIS.

Methods: Medical records of a tertiary hospital were reviewed from 2010 to 2018 to identify adolescents with thoracic or thoracolumbar AIS.

Survival of monoblock RM vitamys compared with modular PINNACLE cups: mid-term outcomes of 200 hips performed by a single surgeon.

Introduction: Monoblock cups have theoretical advantages over modular cups; however, their superiority in terms of survival has not been confirmed in comparative studies.

Methods: We compared the mid-term survivorship of 107 RM Pressfit vitamys monoblock cups (Mathys Ltd., Bettlach, Switzerland) with 93 modular pressfit Pinnacle cups (DePuy Synthes, Warsaw, IN, USA).

Management of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: clinical data in relation to disease demographics, bone mineral density and fracture risk.

Introduction: Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) is the most common type of secondary osteoporosis. Patient selection and the treatment choice remain to be controversial. None of the proposed management guidelines are widely accepted.

High doses of testosterone increase anticonflict behaviour in rat.

Male rats exposed to high levels of testosterone for 8 weeks, or to one high dose of testosterone 24 h before testing, displayed an increase in punished responding in the Vogel conflict test. The findings may be taken as indirect support for the assumption that the conflict paradigm reflects not only anxiety but also impulsivity.