Protection in glutamate-induced neurotoxicity by imidazoline receptor agonist moxonidine.

In the present study we investigated the effects of mixed imidazoline-1 and alpha(2)-adrenoceptor agonist, moxonidine, in glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in frontal cortical cell cultures of rat pups by dye exclusion test. Also, phosphorylated p38 mitogen activated protein kinases (p-p38 MAPK) levels were determined from rat frontal cortical tissue homogenates by two dimensional gel electrophoresis and semidry western blotting. Glutamate at a concentration of 10(-6) M was found neurotoxic when applied for 16 hr in cell cultures.

The effects of ruthenium red, dantrolene and nimodipine, alone or in combination, in NMDA induced neurotoxicity of cerebellar granular cell culture of rats.

In the present study, we used the L-type calcium channel blocker nimodipine, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium release blocker dantrolene and the calcium transport blocker in mitochondria ruthenium red (RuR), in NMDA induced neurotoxicity, to observe the most suitable combination for neuroprotection in cerebellar granular cell culture of rat pups. In addition we tested the effect of RuR on intact neuronal cells without adding NMDA into the flask, in order to compare the effects. As was expected, NMDA induced neuronal cell death.

The role of Ruthenium red as a partial agonist in caffeine-induced neurotoxicity in cerebellar granular cell culture of rats.

Caffeine is widely spread and well known as a mild stimulant of the central nervous system. The present study tested the role of caffeine and Ruthenium red on the intact neuronal cells alone and Ruthenium red in caffeine-induced neurotoxicity. One-day-old newborn rats were used to obtain cerebellar cell cultures.

Reactive blue prevented caffeine-induced neurotoxicity by an independent mechanism from intracellular calcium currents in cell culture from auditory cortex of rats.

Neurotoxicity induced by caffeine in auditory-neuron cultures was studied in rat pups. For possible protective effect, reactive blue (RB) alone and in combination with dantrolene were tested in subsequent doses. RB was found to have a U-shape neuroprotective effect in caffeine neurotoxicity.