Thalamic hemorrhage due to ruptured aneurysm at the feeder of a tentorial dural arteriovenous fistula in the Galen region mimicking a hypertensive hemorrhage.

Introduction: Thalamic hemorrhage caused by cerebrovascular disease is unusual. We describe a rare case of thalamic hemorrhage due to rupture of an aneurysm at the feeder of a tentorial dural arteriovenous fistula in the Galen region mimicking a hypertensive hemorrhage.

Case Presentation: A 78-year-old woman with sudden-onset right hemiparesis was diagnosed with left thalamic hemorrhage.

Long-term outcomes of the first prospective study of active surveillance for prostate cancer in Japan.

Background: Active surveillance for prostate cancer was initiated in the early 2000s. We assessed the long-term outcomes of active surveillance in Japan.

Methods: This multicenter prospective observational cohort study enrolled men aged 50-80 years with stage cT1cN0M0 prostate cancer in 2002 and 2003.

Outcomes of active surveillance for Japanese patients with prostate cancer (PRIAS-JAPAN).

Objective: To report the outcomes of repeat biopsies, metastasis and survival in the Prostate Cancer Research International: Active Surveillance (PRIAS)-JAPAN study, a prospective observational study for Japanese patients, initiated in 2010.

Patients And Methods: At the beginning, inclusion criteria were initially low-risk patients, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) density (PSAD) <0.2, and ≤2 positive biopsy cores.

Two Cases of Mechanical Thrombectomy in Patients with Fenestration of the M1 Segment of the Middle Cerebral Artery.

M1 fenestration of the middle cerebral artery is rare. We present two patterns of acute thromboembolic conditions in M1 fenestrations treated with mechanical thrombectomy. Case 1 was a male in his 60s presenting with right hemiparesis and aphasia.

Chemically Recyclable Unnatural (1→6)-Polysaccharides from Cellulose-Derived Levoglucosenone and Dihydrolevoglucosenone.

Unnatural polysaccharide analogs and their biological activities and material properties have attracted considerable research interest. However, these efforts often encounter challenges, especially those related to synthetic complexity and scalability. Here, we report the chemical synthesis of unnatural (1→6)-polysaccharides using levoglucosenone (LGO) and dihydrolevoglucosenone (Cyrene), which are derived from cellulose.

Pocketable and Smart Electrohydrodynamic Pump for Clothes.

Seamlessly fusing fashion and functionality can redefine wearable technology and enhance the quality of life. We propose a pocketable and smart electrohydrodynamic pump (PSEP) with self-sensing capability for wearable thermal controls. Overcoming the constraints of traditional liquid-cooled wearables, PSEP with dimensions of 10 × 2 × 1.

Celastrol enhances TRAIL‑R2‑mediated apoptosis and cytotoxicity in human renal cell carcinoma cells in caspase‑dependent manner.

Celastrol is a triterpene phytochemical known to possess anti‑inflammatory, antioxidant and anticancer properties. The present study investigated the effects of celastrol on tumor necrosis factor‑related apoptosis‑inducing ligand receptor 2 (TRAIL‑R2)‑mediated apoptosis and cytotoxicity in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells when administered in combination with lexatumumab, a human monoclonal agonistic antibody that specifically recognizes TRAIL‑R2. Cytotoxicity was determined by colorimetric assays of cell viability using cell counting kit‑8.

Development and internal validation of a screening tool for chronic prostatitis (S-CP).

Purpose: We developed a simple self-checkable screening tool for chronic prostatitis (S-CP) and internally validated it to encourage men (in the general population) with possible chronic prostatitis to consult urologists.

Methods: The expert panel proposed the S-CP, which comprises three domains: Area of pain or discomfort (6 components), accompanying Symptom (6 components), and Trigger for symptom flares (4 components). We employed logistic regression to predict chronic prostatitis prevalence with the S-CP.

A posterior inferior cerebellar artery of C2 transverse foramen level origin that entered the spinal canal via the C1/2 intervertebral space demonstrated by computed tomography angiography.

Purpose: To describe a case of a posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) of C2 transverse foramen level vertebral artery (VA) origin that entered the spinal canal via the C1/2 intervertebral space.

Case Report: A 48-year-old man with posterior neck pain underwent computed tomography (CT) angiography and selective left vertebral angiography. Arterial dissection was found at the distal V2 segment of the left VA on subtracted CT angiography.

Mirogabalin for Central Neuropathic Pain After Spinal Cord Injury: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 3 Study in Asia.

Background And Objectives: Patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) commonly experience central neuropathic pain (CNeP), which is challenging to treat. Mirogabalin is effective for peripheral neuropathic pain, but evidence for CNeP is lacking.

Methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study investigated mirogabalin efficacy and safety for the treatment of CNeP in patients with traumatic SCI.

Directional touch sensing for stiffness singularity search in an object using microfinger with tactile sensor.

Palpation is widely used as the initial medical diagnosis. Integration of micro tactile sensors and artificial muscles enables a soft microfinger for active touch sensing using its bending actuation. Active touch sensing by pushing-in motion of microfinger enables to evaluate stiffness distribution on an elastic object.

Clinical outcomes of intraductal carcinoma or cribriform in radical prostatectomy specimens of men opting for active surveillance: data from the PRIAS-JAPAN study.

Background: Among early stage prostate cancer patients, intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P) and invasive cribriform are key prognostic factors; however, their presence and clinical significance following active surveillance (AS) are unknown. In men who opted for AS, we aimed to examine the presence and impact of IDC-P or cribriform, utilizing radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens.

Methods: We re-reviewed 137 RP specimens available in the PRIAS-JAPAN prospective cohort between January 2010 and September 2020.

Active tactile sensing of small insect force by a soft microfinger toward microfinger-insect interactions.

Human-robot interaction technology has contributed to improving sociality for humanoid robots. At scales far from human scales, a microrobot can interact with an environment in a small world. Microsensors have been applied to measurement of forces by flying or walking insects.

Enzalutamide in patients with non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer after combined androgen blockade for recurrence following radical treatment in Japan (Japanese research for patients with non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer-enzalutamide: JCASTRE-zero)-a prospective single-arm interventional study.

Background: The effect of enzalutamide in patients with non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer after combined androgen blockade, which represents a patient profile similar to real-world clinical practice in Japan, remains unknown. Therefore, we investigate the efficacy and safety of enzalutamide after combined androgen blockade for recurrence following radical treatment in Japanese patients with non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Methods: We analyzed 66 patients with non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer after combined androgen blockade for recurrence following radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy who were prospectively enrolled from October 2015 to March 2018.

Health-related quality of life with enzalutamide versus flutamide in castration-resistant prostate cancer from the AFTERCAB study.

Background: Patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures can provide valuable information in evaluating patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Post hoc analysis of the AFTERCAB study was conducted to evaluate the HRQoL benefit of enzalutamide plus androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) compared to flutamide plus ADT for the treatment of patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) in Japan.

Methods: The open-label AFTERCAB study was conducted from November 2016 to March 2020 in Japanese men aged ≥ 20 years with asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic CRPC.

Duplicated posterior inferior cerebellar arteries one of which was supplied by the jugular branch of the ascending pharyngeal artery.

Purpose: To describe a case of duplicated posterior inferior cerebellar arteries (PICAs), one of which was supplied by the jugular branch of the ascending pharyngeal artery (APA).

Case Report: A 62-year-old man with cerebral infarction underwent cranial magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and MR angiography. MR angiography showed a hyperplastic left APA, that was found to enter the posterior cranial fossa and continue to the PICA.

Low quality of life in men with chronic prostatitis-like symptoms.

Background: Chronic prostatitis (CP) can impair health-related quality of life (QOL), but the full impact of CP, including the impact of CP-like symptoms in men who have no CP diagnosis (CPS), is unknown. We estimated the impact of diagnosed CP (DCP) and CPS on Health-related QOL.

Methods: From a representative nationwide survey of men aged 20-84 in Japan, we determined the prevalence of DCP and also of CPS.

Antitumor Effects of Orally Administered Rare Sugar D-Allose in Bladder Cancer.

D-allose is a rare sugar that has been reported to up-regulate thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) expression and affect the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the antitumor effect of D-allose is unknown. This study aimed to determine whether orally administered D-allose could be a candidate drug against bladder cancer (BC).

Impact of adherence to criteria on oncological outcomes of radical prostatectomy in patients opting for active surveillance: data from the PRIAS-JAPAN study.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate whether oncological outcomes of radical prostatectomy differ depending on adherence to the criteria in patients who opt for active surveillance.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 1035 patients enrolled in a prospective cohort of the PRIAS-JAPAN study. After applying the exclusion criteria, 136 of 162 patients were analyzed.

Enzalutamide + androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) versus flutamide + ADT in Japanese men with castration-resistant prostate cancer: AFTERCAB study.

Objectives: The objective of the study is to compare the efficacy and safety of alternative androgen therapy (AAT) with enzalutamide + androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and flutamide + ADT in the treatment of Japanese men with metastatic or nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) who progressed despite combined androgen blockade (CAB) with bicalutamide + ADT. AAT treatment sequence was also investigated.

Materials And Methods: The open-label, Phase 4 AFTERCAB study (NCT02918968) was conducted from November 2016 to March 2020 in Japanese men aged ≥20 years with asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic CRPC.

Liquid metal droplet shuttling in a microchannel toward a single line multiplexer with multiple sensors.

Multiple sensors and actuators integrated in a small space, especially an elongated thin structure, require equivalent number of signal lines between microdevices, but there is limited space for signal wires. Thus, we propose a mechanism using a single microchannel where a liquid metal droplet moves and shuttles. A shuttling droplet switches multiple terminals of signal lines along a microchannel based on a traditional switching mechanism using a liquid metal droplet.