Relationship of Age and Running Biomechanics in Female Recreational Runners.

Middle-age and older runners demonstrate differences in running biomechanics compared with younger runners. Female runners demonstrate differences in running biomechanics compared with males, and females experience hormonal changes during menopause that may also affect age-related changes in running biomechanics. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between age and running biomechanics in healthy female recreational runners.

Efficacy of xanomeline and trospium chloride in schizophrenia: pooled results from three 5-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, EMERGENT trials.

In the 5-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled EMERGENT-1 (NCT03697252), EMERGENT-2 (NCT04659161), and EMERGENT-3 (NCT04738123) trials, xanomeline and trospium chloride (formerly known as KarXT) significantly improved symptoms of schizophrenia and was generally well tolerated. We pooled data from the EMERGENT trials to further characterize the efficacy of xanomeline/trospium and provide sufficient statistical power to analyze responses in participant subgroups. In pooled analyses, xanomeline/trospium significantly improved Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score at week 5 versus placebo (least squares mean difference, -9.

Type I gamma phosphatidylinositol phosphate 5-kinase i5 controls cell sensitivity to interferon.

The interferon signaling pathway is critical for host defense by serving diverse functions in both innate and adaptive immune responses. Here, we show that type I gamma phosphatidylinositol phosphate 5-kinase i5 (PIPKIγi5), an enzyme that synthesizes phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PI4,5P), controls the sensitivity to interferon in both human and mouse cells. PIPKIγi5 directly binds to the interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) downstream effector signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), which suppresses the STAT1 dimerization, IFN-γ-induced STAT1 nuclear translocation, and transcription of IFN-γ-responsive genes.

Phosphoinositide Signaling in Immune Cell Migration.

In response to different immune challenges, immune cells migrate to specific sites in the body, where they perform their functions such as defense against infection, inflammation regulation, antigen recognition, and immune surveillance. Therefore, the migration ability is a fundamental aspect of immune cell function. Phosphoinositide signaling plays critical roles in modulating immune cell migration by controlling cell polarization, cytoskeletal rearrangement, protrusion formation, and uropod contraction.

Single-Dose Psilocybin Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Psilocybin shows promise as a treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD).

Objective: To evaluate the magnitude, timing, and durability of antidepressant effects and safety of a single dose of psilocybin in patients with MDD.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this phase 2 trial conducted between December 2019 and June 2022 at 11 research sites in the US, participants were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive a single dose of psilocybin vs niacin placebo administered with psychological support.

Machine learning for lumbar and pelvis kinematics clustering.

Clustering algorithms such as k-means and agglomerative hierarchical clustering (HCA) may provide a unique opportunity to analyze time-series kinematic data. Here we present an approach for determining number of clusters and which clustering algorithm to use on time-series lumbar and pelvis kinematic data. Cluster evaluation measures such as silhouette coefficient, elbow method, Dunn Index, and gap statistic were used to evaluate the quality of decision making.

Association between Self-Reported Prior Night's Sleep and Single-Task Gait in Healthy, Young Adults: A Study Using Machine Learning.

Failure to obtain the recommended 7−9 h of sleep has been associated with injuries in youth and adults. However, most research on the influence of prior night’s sleep and gait has been conducted on older adults and clinical populations. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify individuals who experience partial sleep deprivation and/or sleep extension the prior night using single task gait.

Sublingual Dexmedetomidine for the Treatment of Acute Agitation in Adults With Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective Disorder: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Determine if sublingual dexmedetomidine, a selective α adrenergic receptor agonist, reduces symptoms of acute agitation associated with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. This phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted in adults diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder per the , Fifth Edition () criteria. The study was conducted at 15 US sites between January 23, 2020, and May 8, 2020.

A comparison of intervertebral ligament properties utilized in a thoracic spine functional unit through kinematic evaluation.

Ligament properties in the literature are variable, yet scarce, but needed to calibrate computational models for spine clinical research applications. A comparison of ligament stiffness properties and their effect on the kinematic behavior of a thoracic functional spinal unit (FSU) is examined in this paper. Six unique ligament property sets were utilized within a volumetric T7-T8 finite element (FE) model developed using computer-aided design (CAD) spinal geometry.

The Effects of Vision-Deprived Progressive Resistance Training on One-Repetition Maximum Bench Press Performance: An Exploratory Study.

The objective of this study was to determine whether vision-occluded progressive resistance training would increase upper-extremity movement performance using the one-repetition maximum (1-RM) bench press. Participants (n = 57) were recruited from a historically black college and university (HBCU), cross-matched by sex, age (±1 year), 1-RM (±2.27 kg), 1-RM/weight (±0.

Relationship Between Age and Running Kinematics in Female Recreational Runners.

Sex-based analyses are important when studying running kinematics. Females experience a unique aging process and demonstrate differences in running biomechanics from males. The purpose was to determine the relationship between age and running kinematics in female runners.

The effectiveness of 3D multiple object tracking training on decision-making in soccer.

Background: Soccer requires athletes to make quick decisions in dynamic environments. Several off-court technology-based interventions have been developed to train these perceptual cognitive skills. However, the evidence for training transfer using technologies to athletic performance has been sparse.

Effect of Age on Thoracic, Lumbar, and Pelvis Coordination During Trunk Flexion and Extension.

The purpose of this study was to investigate normative and age-related differences in trunk and pelvis kinematics and intersegmental coordination during sagittal plane flexion-extension. Trunk and pelvis kinematics were recorded while 76 participants performed a maximal range of motion task in the sagittal plane. Cross-correlation was calculated to determine the phase lag between adjacent segment motion, and coupling angles were calculated using vector coding and classified into one of 4 coordination patterns: in-phase, antiphase, superior, and inferior phase.

Health Insurance Literacy Perceptions and the Needs of a Working-Class Community.

Background: Despite increases in the number of insured Americans, consumers continue to face barriers in accessing care. Low levels of health insurance literacy (HIL) are associated with suboptimal use of health insurance coverage. There remains a need to further contextualize the relationship between HIL and access to care, especially among insured working-class people.

Effect of Sublingual Dexmedetomidine vs Placebo on Acute Agitation Associated With Bipolar Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Acute agitation is common in patients with bipolar disorder and requires urgent management to relieve distress and to prevent escalation to aggressive behavior.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of orally absorbed, sublingual dexmedetomidine, a selective α2A-adrenergic receptor agonist on symptoms of acute agitation in patients with bipolar disorder.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted in 15 sites in the US with enrollment between February 24, 2020, and April 27, 2020, and final follow-up on May 21, 2020.

Effectiveness of Three-Dimensional Multiple-Object Tracking in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Pilot Trial.

Background: Computerized cognitive training remains an attractive supplemental modality to enhance rehabilitation in multiple sclerosis (MS). The objective of the present study was to assess the usability of three-dimensional multiple-object tracking (3D-MOT) in patients with MS.

Methods: In this pilot study, 16 patients with relapsing-remitting MS and nine age-matched controls participated in four 30-minute training sessions of 3D-MOT.

The effect of scoliosis support orthosis bracing on adult spinal deformity patients: evaluation of gait and dynamic balance.

Non-operative treatment is regarded as the first-line therapy for patients with adult spinal deformity (ASD) without neurologic deficits or significant impairment. While there is high-level evidence supporting the use of rigid bracing in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, there is a paucity of literature pertaining to the use of scoliosis support orthosis (SSO) in ASD patients. To investigate the impact of an SSO on pain, gait parameters, and functional balance measures in symptomatic ASD patients.

Single-stage revision for the infected total knee arthroplasty : the Cardiff experience.

Aims: Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a devastating complication following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Two-stage revision has traditionally been considered the gold standard of treatment for established infection, but increasing evidence is emerging in support of one-stage exchange for selected patients. The objective of this study was to determine the outcomes of single-stage revision TKA for PJI, with mid-term follow-up.

Effects of spinal coupling and marker set on tracking of spine models during running.

Despite the wide-spread use of musculoskeletal simulations and its use in estimating spinal loads, much is not known about how to best collect experimental data for modelling purposes. The primary purposes in this study were to determine the effects of tracking of running motion capture data to a model (1) with and without coupling of lumbar spine segments, and (2) with varying combinations of spinal markers. Running trials were collected from 7 participants, with each at three different speeds.

Rates of Vascular Occlusion Associated With Using Needles vs Cannulas for Filler Injection.

Importance: Soft-tissue augmentation with skin fillers can be delivered with needles or microcannulas, but unwanted vascular occlusions are possible.

Objective: To determine whether filler-associated vascular occlusion events of the face occur more often with injections performed with needles than with microcannulas.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This retrospective cohort study included a random sample of board-certified dermatologists deemed eligible based on membership in relevant professional societies and attendance at relevant national professional meetings.

Promoting Interdisciplinary, Participatory Approaches to Address Childhood Asthma Disparities in an Urban Black Community.

Black children are twice as likely as non-Hispanic white children to have asthma due to an interplay of socioeconomic, historical, and industrial factors. The underlying socio-economic and structural inequities result in poor adherence to recommended asthma management treatments. National guidelines suggest asthma action plans (AAPs) as a tool for patient self-management, yet they remain underutilized.