A sustainable dynamic redox reaction passive film for long-term anti-corrosion of carbon steel surface.

CeO was used as the only oxidant for aniline polymerization, and polyaniline (PANI) was grown on CeO surface to form CeO@PANI nanocomposites. SEM and TEM showed that the CeO@PANI composites were nanorods in a core-shell structure. XPS indicated that CeO-core was reduced by aniline into Ce, which was then captured by the PANI-shell.