The Destiny of Postoperative Residual Ventricular Septal Defects After Surgical Repair in Infants and Children.

Purpose: Residual ventricular septal defects (rVSDs) of small size are commonly seen on transesophageal echocardiography after surgical repair. This study aimed to determine the destiny of rVSD found on intraoperative echocardiogram.

Methods: Patients undergoing surgical repair of VSD as the primary procedure with available intraoperative and discharge echocardiograms between 2007 and 2017 were reviewed.

A 15-year review of children with Kawasaki's Syndrome having general anesthesia or deep sedation.

Background: Children with Kawasaki's syndrome (KS), also known as Kawasaki's disease or 'mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome', have approximately 20-25% incidence of developing coronary artery aneurysms (CAA), stenosis or obliteration if not appropriately diagnosed and treated. In addition some children have myocarditis, pericardial effusions and/or cardiac arrhythmias during the acute phase of KS. Even with current treatment protocols, 2-4% will still be at risk of coronary artery pathology and the long-term implications regarding future coronary artery disease are unknown.

Mechanical limitation of pulmonary blood flow facilitates heart transplantation in older infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome.

Objectives: Progression of pulmonary vascular disease limits heart transplantation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) to early infancy. Our objective was to assess the impact of bilateral pulmonary artery banding (PAB) on the operative courses of HLHS infants transplanted at ages older than 4 months.

Methods: Courses of all HLHS patients in our center who remained listed to age >or=120 days before heart transplantation were assessed.