Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reaction to Lamotrigine: A Case of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome in a Psychiatric Patient.

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a severe and potentially life-threatening mucocutaneous reaction often triggered by medications. Antiepileptic drugs, particularly lamotrigine, are recognized as significant causative agents. Early identification and management are crucial to improve patient outcomes.

Comparison of chromogenic and cysteine lactose electrolyte deficient agar for identification of uropathogens in Gujarat, India.

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are prevalent bacterial infections, necessitating rapid and accurate diagnosis for timely treatment. Conventional culture techniques, such as cystine lactose electrolyte deficient (CLED) agar, can delay treatment and contribute to inappropriate antibiotic use. Not much is known about alternatives such as chromogenic UTI agar.

A study on evaluation and correlation of serological methods and platelet count for diagnosis of dengue virus infection.

Background Objectives: Dengue is arthropod-borne, acute potentially fatal viral infection, endemic in many tropical and sub-tropical countries having public health threat globally in recent era. Effective and prompt diagnosis is very essential to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with severe form. Diagnosis by dengue-specific markers like Non-Structural protein 1 antigen or IgM/IgG antibody by serological method is the choice of investigation and the most widely used non-specific biomarker is platelet count.

Protracted respiratory failure in a case of global spinal syringomyelia and Chiari malformation following administration of diazepam: illustrative case.

Background: Syringomyelia is defined as dilation of the spinal cord's central canal and is often precipitated by skull base herniation disorders. Although respiratory failure (RF) can be associated with skull base abnormalities due to brainstem compression, most cases occur in pediatric patients and quickly resolve. The authors report the case of an adult patient with global spinal syringomyelia and Chiari malformation who developed refractory RF after routine administration of diazepam.

Complement Drives Chronic Inflammation and Progressive Hydrocephalus in Murine Neonatal Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage.

Germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) is a pathology that occurs in infancy, with often devastating long-term consequences. Posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) can develop acutely, while periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is a chronic sequala. There are no pharmacological therapies to treat PHH and PVL.

The Pulpal Response to Crown Preparation and Cementation.

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors and occurrence of pulpal disease in patients who received either full-coverage (crowns) or large noncrown restorations (fillings, inlays, or onlays involving ≥3 surfaces).

Methods: A retrospective chart review identified 2177 cases of large restorations placed on vital teeth. Based on the restoration type, patients were stratified into various groups for statistical analysis.

Racial Disparities in Survival Outcomes of Patients With Serous Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis.

Objective: To identify racial disparities in five-year survival rates in women affected by serous epithelial ovarian carcinoma in the United States (US).

Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from the 2010 to 2016 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program database. Women with a primary malignancy of serous epithelial ovarian carcinoma, using International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O) Topography Coding and ICD-O-3 Histology Coding, were included in this study.

Rate of manifesting carriers and other unexpected findings on carrier screening.

Objectives: To ascertain the rate of unexpected findings on carrier screening (CS) and assess whether implications are disclosed to patients.

Methods: We performed a retrospective observational study of subjects who had CS after pre-test counseling from a licensed genetic counselor at a large tertiary care center. We quantified the rate of unexpected finding on CS, defined as manifesting carriers (MCs), genotypes predicting phenotype, and chromosome abnormalities.

Angiographic Evaluation of Cranial Venous Outflow Patterns in Patients With and Without Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension.

Background: Several collateral venous pathways exist to assist in cranial venous drainage in addition to the internal jugular veins. The important extrajugular networks (EJN) are often readily identified on diagnostic cerebral angiography. However, the angiographic pattern of venous drainage through collateral EJN has not been previously compared among patients with and without idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH).

Groundwater arsenic contamination: impacts on human health and agriculture, ex situ treatment techniques and alleviation.

Groundwater is consumed by a large number of people as their primary source of drinking water globally. Among all the countries worldwide, nations in South Asia, particularly India and Bangladesh, have severe problem of groundwater arsenic (As) contamination so are on our primary focus in this study. The objective of this review study is to provide a viewpoint about the source of As, the effect of As on human health and agriculture, and available treatment technologies for the removal of As from water.

Assessment of Smell and Taste Disturbances among COVID-19 Convalescent Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study in Armenia.

Background And Objectives: Neurological manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) such as olfactory and gustatory disturbance have been reported among convalescent COVID-19 patients. However, scientific data on the prevalence of smell and taste disturbance are lacking. Therefore, we present findings on the degree of smell and taste disturbances among the Armenian population.

Pediatric Cranioplasty Using Hydroxyapatite Cement: A Retrospective Review and Preliminary Computational Model.

Introduction: Cranioplasty is a standard technique for skull defect repair. Restoration of cranial defects is imperative for brain protection and allowing for homeostasis of cerebral spinal fluid within the cranial vault. Calcium phosphate hydroxyapatite (HA) is a synthetic-organic material that is commonly used in cranioplasty.

Assessing the Positive Predictive Value of Architectural Distortion Detected with Digital Breast Tomosynthesis in BI-RADS 4 Cases.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the positive predictive value of biopsy (PPV3) of architectural distortion (AD) detected on digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) in BI-RADS 4 cases, where suspicion for malignancy remains broad.

Methods: This Institutional Review Board-approved, retrospective study included screening and diagnostic mammograms performed from August 2015 to December 2017 with DBT and digital mammography (DM) revealing suspicious AD with a BI-RADS 4 assessment. Medical records were reviewed for clinical data, imaging, and pathology results.

Metformin Associated Lactic Acidosis in the Intensive Care Unit: A Rare Condition Mimicking Sepsis.

Metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) is a rare but serious complication of metformin use, associated with high mortality. MALA can occur any time a patient on metformin suffers disruption in renal function resulting in the accumulation of metformin. A 63-year-old man with a history of non-insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes mellitus, alcohol abuse, and hypothyroidism was brought to the emergency department with altered mental status, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.

Passive Coping Strategies During Repeated Social Defeat Are Associated With Long-Lasting Changes in Sleep in Rats.

Exposure to severe stress has immediate and prolonged neuropsychiatric consequences and increases the risk of developing Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Importantly, PTSD develops in only a subset of individuals after exposure to a traumatic event, with the understanding of this selective vulnerability being very limited. Individuals who go on to develop PTSD after a traumatic experience typically demonstrate sleep disturbances including persistent insomnia and recurrent trauma-related nightmares.

Periodontal disease and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study.

Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory condition that has been associated with chronic diseases, including cancer. In an earlier prospective cohort analysis within the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS), we observed a 31% higher risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) among participants with severe periodontal disease at baseline. Here, we extend the study with an additional 8 years of follow-up, and conduct analyses with updated periodontal disease status and NHL subtypes.

Benzylpiperidine-Linked Diarylthiazoles as Potential Anti-Alzheimer's Agents: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation.

A novel series of hybrid molecules were designed and synthesized by fusing the pharmacophoric features of cholinesterase inhibitor donepezil and diarylthiazole as potential multitarget-directed ligands for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The compounds showed significant in vitro anticholinesterase (anti-ChE) activity, the most potent compound (44) among them showing the highest activity (IC50 value of 0.30 ± 0.

Study of Umbilical Cord Blood Culture in Diagnosis of Early-onset Sepsis Among Newborns with High-risk Factors.

Context: Blood culture is gold standard for diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. Low sensitivity of blood culture is usually due to small volume of blood sample, intrapartum antibiotics, and antibiotics given to newborn before sampling.

Aim: We evaluated use of Umbilical cord blood culture (UCBC) in diagnosis of neonatal sepsis as compared to peripheral venous blood culture.

Practical and efficient approach to the synthesis of guineensine.

A total synthesis of guineensine, a secondary metabolite of the Piperaceae family, has been executed in 12 steps with an overall yield of 27%. Key steps in the synthesis featured novel application of a Julia-Kocienski olefination reaction which effectively constructed alkenamide skeleton. This contributes a unique approach to the synthesis of the piperamide alkaloids.

A comparative clinical study of Nyagrodhadi Ghanavati and Virechana Karma in the management of Madhumeha.

Diabetes mellitus is a common chronic metabolic disorder prevalent all over the world. Virechana is the Shodhana procedure that is specific for the elimination of vitiated Pitta and Kapha doshas. Thus, in the present study, the Virechana process has been selected prior to the administration of Shamana drug.

Famotidine versus pantoprazole for preventing bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract of critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation.

Background: Mechanical ventilation increases risk for bleeding in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract. Proton pump inhibitors, although they are more potent and longer acting inhibitors of gastric acid production than are histamine(2) antagonists, also are generally more expensive. Data comparing the 2 types of agents for preventing gastrointestinal bleeding in critically ill patients are limited.