Novel radionuclides: demand, production and distribution for translational research in Europe.

Background: In the field of medical and scientific research, radionuclides are used to investigate various physiological and pathological processes. PRISMAP - the European medical radionuclide programme was created to bring together production facilities including intense neutron sources, an isotope mass separation facility, high-power accelerators, biomedical research institutes, and hospitals to support medical research. The aim of this article is to introduce readers with the current status of innovative radionuclides in Europe.

Flow diverter versus stent-assisted coiling treatment for managing dissecting intracranial aneurysms: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Dissecting intracranial aneurysms (DIAs) have been treated through endovascular reconstructive manners, such as flow diverters (FDs) and stent-assisted coiling (SAC). Notably, no robust evidence has compared both approaches. Hence, the authors conducted a meta-analysis to compare their outcomes.

Learning from the first: a qualitative study of the psychosocial benefits and treatment burdens of long-acting cabotegravir/rilpivirine among early adopters in three U.S. clinics.

Introduction: Perspectives on long-acting injectable cabotegravir/rilpivirine (CAB/RPV-LA) from HIV health disparity populations are under-represented in current literature yet crucial to optimize delivery.

Methods: Between August 2022 and May 2023, we conducted in-depth interviews with people with HIV (PWH) at four HIV clinics in Atlanta, Chicago and San Francisco. Eligibility criteria were current CAB/RPV-LA use with receipt of ≥3 injections or CAB/RPV-LA discontinuation.

Cost of Vestibular Schwannoma Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

 Research furthering treatment efficacy for microsurgical resection and stereotactic radiosurgery for vestibular schwannoma (VS) is ever-growing; however, there remains a paucity of research addressing treatment costs. Our aim is to define the reported costs of different treatment modalities used for VS.  A systematic review of the literature for VS treatment cost was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines using PubMed and Web of Science databases.

Integrating community health workers into HIV care clinics: a qualitative study with health system leaders and clinicians in the Southern United States.

Background: Community health workers (CHWs) can support patient engagement in care for a variety of health conditions, including HIV. This paper reports on the experiences of HIV clinics and health departments that integrated CHWs into their health systems as part of a capacity-building initiative to address HIV-related disparities in the United States.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with key informants (n = 14) in two Ryan White HIV/AIDS program jurisdictions: Mississippi (jurisdiction covers the entire state) and the city of New Orleans, Louisiana.

Desires and Needs for Quitting Both e-Cigarettes and Cigarettes Among Young Adults: Formative Qualitative Study Informing the Development of a Smartphone Intervention for Dual Tobacco Cessation.

Background: Dual use of both e-cigarettes and cigarettes is popular among young adults and may lead to greater nicotine dependence and additive adverse health effects than single-product use. However, existing cessation programs target quitting either e-cigarettes or cigarettes, highlighting a need for interventions to help young adults quit both products (ie, dual tobacco cessation).

Objective: This formative study is part of a larger project to develop a smartphone intervention for dual tobacco cessation among young adults.

A Multi-institutional Cluster Analysis to Identify Groups of Courses with Exemplary Opportunity Gaps for Undergraduate Students in the Biological Sciences.

Examining institutional data from seven cohorts of students intending to major in biology across five research-intensive institutions, this work analyzes opportunity gaps-defined as the difference between the grade received by students from the dominant and nondominant sociodemographic groups in institutions of higher education-at the course-section level across mathematics, physics, biology, and chemistry disciplines. From this analysis, we find that the majority of course sections have large opportunity gaps between female and male students, students who are Black, Latino/a/e/x, or indigenous to the United States and its territories and students who are White or Asian, first-generation and non-first-generation students, and low-income and non-low-income students. This work provides a framework to analyze equity across institutions using robust methodology, including: using multiple approaches to measure grades, quantile regression rankscores which adjust for previous academic performance, and cluster analysis.

Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry Untangles the Deep Metabolome of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter.

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is an ultracomplex mixture that plays a central role in global biogeochemical cycles. Despite its importance, DOM remains poorly understood at the molecular level. Over the last decades, significant efforts have been made to decipher the chemical composition of DOM by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS) and liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS).

Effective Messages to Reduce Stigma among People Newly Diagnosed with HIV during Rapid ART Initiation.

HIV stigma has a negative influence on antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation and persistence and viral suppression. Immediate access to ART (RAPID ART) has been shown to accelerate viral suppression (VS) that is sustained up to one year after HIV diagnosis. Little is known about the role of RAPID ART in reducing individual-level stigma.

Predictors of Neurological Outcomes in Patients with Poor Glasgow Coma Scale Scores 1 Week After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Background: This study assessed neurological outcomes and variables associated with favorable outcomes in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients with low functional status (Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] score ≤8) on postbleed day 7 (PBD7).

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of all patients in the Barrow Ruptured Aneurysm Trial (January 1, 2014-July 31, 2019) treated for a ruptured aneurysm and who had a GCS score ≤8 on PBD7. The primary outcome was a favorable neurological outcome (modified Rankin Scale score ≤2) at last follow-up.

Synthesis of a Palladium Dimer Supported by a C-Bound Trifluoroacetonate Bridge Formed by Cleavage of a Hexafluoroacetylacetonate Ligand.

Palladium(II) hexafluoroacetylacetonate (Pd(Hfacac)) is known to form adducts of bases, such as lutidine (2,6-dimethylpyridine). When treated with approximately 3 equiv of lutidine, Pd(Hfacac) yields a 1:1 complex as reported in the literature, Pd(,-Hfacac)(-Hfacac)(lutidine), . However, when the amount of excess lutidine is increased, a new complex, , is formed.

Syndemic Theory and Its Use in Developing Health Interventions and Programming: A Scoping Review.

Purpose Of Review: The central tenet of syndemics theory is that disease interactions are driven by social factors, and that these factors have to be understood in order to reduce the health burdens of local populations. Without an understanding of the theory and how it is being put into practice, there is a strong possibility of losing the potential for syndemic theory to positively impact change at community and individual level.

Methods: Following an initial database search that produced 921 articles, we developed a multi-stage scoping review process identifying invention studies that employ syndemic theory.

Evaluating the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities associated with pediatric scoliosis utilizing ResearchMatch.

Purpose: The goal of this study is to characterize the self-reported prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities among patients with adolescent scoliosis.

Methods: Eligible patients across the US were surveyed using ResearchMatch, a validated online platform. The survey collected patient demographics, type of scoliosis, scoliosis treatment received, and the mental health diagnoses and interventions.

Evaluation of fecal microbiota of late gestation sows in relation to pelvic organ prolapse risk.

Introduction: Sow mortality in the U.S. swine industry has increased in recent years, for which pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a major contributor, accounting for 21% of all sow mortality.

Psilocybin Facilitates Fear Extinction: Importance of Dose, Context, and Serotonin Receptors.

A variety of classic psychedelics and MDMA have been shown to enhance fear extinction in rodent models. This has translational significance because a standard treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is prolonged exposure therapy. However, few studies have investigated psilocybin's potential effect on fear learning paradigms.

A comparison of self-reported chronic disease, health awareness and behaviours in social housing residents: cross-sectional study of communities in Ontario and Quebec.

Objective: Social housing programs are integral to making housing more affordable to Canadian seniors living in poverty. Although the programs are similar across Canada, there may be inter-provincial differences among the health of residents that could guide the development of interventions. This study explores the health of low-income seniors living in social housing in Quebec and compares it with previously reported data from Ontario.

High-Performance WS MOSFETs with Bilayer WS Contacts.

WS is a promising transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) for use as a channel material in extreme-scaled metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) due to its monolayer thickness, high carrier mobility, and its potential for symmetric n-type and p-type MOSFET performance. However, the formation of stable, low-barrier-height contacts to monolayer TMDCs continues to be a challenge. This study introduces an innovative approach to realize high-performance WS MOSFETs by utilizing bilayer WS (2L-WS) in the contact region grown through a two-step chemical vapor deposition process.

Soluble CD44 in oral rinses for the early detection of cancer: a prospective cohort study in high-risk individuals.

Background: There are 54,000 new cases of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer in the United States and more than 476,000 worldwide each year. Oral cavity and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma make up most tumors with five-year survival rates of 50% due to prevalence of late-stage diagnoses. Improved methods of early detection in high-risk individuals are urgently needed.

STA-MCA Double-Barrel Bypass: A Systematic Review of Technique and Single-Arm Meta-Analysis of Outcomes.

Introduction: Conventionally, one branch of the superficial temporal artery (STA) is utilized to revascularize the middle cerebral artery (MCA). However, there is the possibility of utilizing both branches of the STA when performing the bypass, characterizing the double-barrel (DB) STA-MCA bypass. Notably, a lack of studies evaluating this technique led the authors to conduct a systematic review and single-arm meta-analysis.

"I Heard of PrEP-I Didn't Think I Needed it." Understanding the Formation of HIV Risk Perception Among People Who Inject Drugs.

Uptake of pre-exposure prophylaxis medication (PrEP) to prevent HIV among people who inject drugs (PWID) remains extremely low in the United States. West Virginia's rising HIV incidence and highest drug overdose rate in the nation makes it an important locus for opioid use and HIV risk interaction. In this pilot study we pioneered the use of Cultural Theory among PWID to understand HIV-related risk perception arising from four contrasting modes of social organization.

Mode-hop-free tunable high-power distributed feedback laser with adaptable rear facet phase shift section emitting at 780 nm.

We present a high-power ridge waveguide distributed feedback (DFB) laser with a high-reflective coating and a phase shift section at the rear facet. The phase shift section is realized by means of a micro heater that is placed parallel to the ridge waveguide and the uniform grating. This type of heater section is easy to integrate into existing laser designs and allows adjusting and controlling the spectral behavior of the distributed feedback laser by shifting the rear facet phase condition, which makes it possible to overcome the challenges of mode-hop-free tuning of regular DFB lasers with highly reflective cleaved rear facet.