Long-term outcome of pronation-external rotation ankle fractures treated with syndesmotic screws only.

Background: There is sparse information in the literature on the outcome of Maisonneuve-type pronation-external rotation ankle fractures treated with syndesmotic screws. The primary aim of this study was to determine the long-term results of such treatment of these fractures as indicated by standardized patient-based and physician-based outcome measures. The secondary aim was to identify predictors of the outcome with use of bivariate and multivariate statistical analysis.

The epidemiology of upper extremity injuries presenting to the emergency department in the United States.

Background: The epidemiology of upper extremity injuries presenting to emergency departments in the USA is not well studied. The purpose of this investigation was to estimate the incidence rates of upper extremity injuries presenting to emergency departments.

Methods: The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS)-a database of emergency department visits based on a sample of hospitals selected and weighted to represent the entire US population in order to allow estimates of overall incidence-was queried for all upper extremity injuries presenting to US emergency departments in 2009.