Thermodynamic Analysis and Pyrolysis Mechanism of 4,4'-Azobis-1,2,4-triazole.

The nonisothermal thermal decomposition kinetics of 4,4'-azobis-1,2,4-triazole (ATRZ) at different heating rates (5, 10, 15, and 20 °C·min) were investigated by thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies. The thermal decomposition kinetic parameters such as apparent activation energy () and pre-exponential factor () were calculated by the Kissinger, Ozawa, and Šatava-Šestak methods. The and values calculated by the above three methods are very close, which are 391.

Polyvalent Ionic Energetic Salts Based on 4-Amino-3-hydrazino-5-methyl-1,2,4-triazole.

The synthesis of the new energetic material 4-amino-3-hydrazino-5-methyl-1,2,4-triazole, which shows excellent performance and reliable safety, has drawn attention recently. To fully characterize this material, a comprehensive analysis was performed using various techniques, including differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared spectroscopy (IR), elemental analysis, and H and C NMR spectroscopy. Additionally, three compounds, , and , were further characterized using single X-ray diffraction.

Identification of S23 causing both interspecific hybrid male sterility and environment-conditioned male sterility in rice.

Background: Oryza glumaepatula represents an important resource of genetic diversity that can be used to improve rice production. However, hybrid sterility severely restricts gene flow between Oryza species, and hinders the utilization of distant heterosis in hybrid rice breeding.

Results: In order to fully exploit the beneficial genes of O.