Handling missing data and measurement error for early-onset myopia risk prediction models.

Background: Early identification of children at high risk of developing myopia is essential to prevent myopia progression by introducing timely interventions. However, missing data and measurement error (ME) are common challenges in risk prediction modelling that can introduce bias in myopia prediction.

Methods: We explore four imputation methods to address missing data and ME: single imputation (SI), multiple imputation under missing at random (MI-MAR), multiple imputation with calibration procedure (MI-ME), and multiple imputation under missing not at random (MI-MNAR).

The life-course impact of smoking on hypertension, myocardial infarction and respiratory diseases.

The objective of this study was to examine the impact of smoking on respiratory diseases, hypertension and myocardial infarction, with a particular focus from a life-course perspective. In this study, 28,577 males from a Chinese longitudinal survey were analysed. The effects of smoking on the risk of respiratory diseases, hypertension and myocardial infarction were assessed from a life-course perspective and a current view separately.