Unraveling the key structural characteristics enhancing digestion resistance of wheat starch-mung bean hull polyphenols complexes.

Mung bean hull polyphenols (MBPs) have the potential to retard starch digestion by altering its multi-scale structures. However, the regulatory mechanism and the key structural characteristics that contribute to digestion resistance remain unclear. In this study, MBPs were non-covalently interacted with wheat starch (WS) under hydrothermal treatments.

Structural characterization, physicochemical properties and hypoglycemic activity of soluble dietary fibers from salt stressed mung bean sprouts.

Low-salt stress germination is an effective way to improve the nutritional composition of food crops. A novel soluble dietary fiber (MS-SDF) was isolated from low-salt stress mung bean sprouts that were exposed to low-salt stress using anion exchange and gel permeation techniques. Structural analysis revealed that MS-SDF was a homogeneous heteropolysaccharide with an average molecular weight of 164.

Chlorogenic Acid from Burdock Roots Ameliorates Oleic Acid-Induced Steatosis in HepG2 Cells through AMPK/ACC/CPT-1 Pathway.

Hepatic steatosis can cause liver dysfunction and cell injury, on which natural functional factors are expected to be an effective approach for long-term intervention. However, the cellular molecular mechanisms are unclear. Chlorogenic acid is a phenolic compound, which can regulate lipid metabolism and is abundant in burdock root.

Ethanolic extract of root from Arctium lappa L ameliorates obesity and hepatic steatosis in rats by regulating the AMPK/ACC/CPT-1 pathway.

Burdock (Arctium lappa L) root is eaten as a vegetable in many countries and used as an ethnomedicine because of its various pharmacological effects. The objective of this study was to investigate the underlying mechanisms of ethanolic extract of root from Arctium lappa L root (ALE) to lose weight and regulate lipid metabolism. The results showed that ALE can regulate lipid metabolism level and inhibit the weight gain of rats induced by the high-sugar and high-fat diet.

Fluoxetine inhibited the activation of A1 reactive astrocyte in a mouse model of major depressive disorder through astrocytic 5-HTR/β-arrestin2 pathway.

Background: Fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, has been reported to directly bind with 5-HT receptor (5-HTR), but the precise mechanisms, whereby fluoxetine confers the anti-depressive actions via 5-HTR is not fully understood. Although neuroinflammation-induced A1 astrocytes are involved in neurodegenerative diseases, the role of A1 astrocyte in the pathogenesis and treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) remains unclear.

Methods: Mice were subjected to chronic mild stress (CMS) for 6 weeks and subsequently treated with fluoxetine for 4 weeks.

A-Site Mixing to Adjust the Photovoltaic Performance of a Double-Cation Perovskite: It Is Not Always the Simple Way.

Considerable progress has been made in improving the performance of optoelectronic devices based on hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites of the form ABX. However, the influences of A-site doping on the structure and dynamics of the inorganic perovskite crystal lattice and, in turn, on the optoelectronic performance of the resulting devices remain poorly understood at an atomic level. This work addresses this issue by combining the results of several experimental characterization methods for three-dimensional MADMAPbBr perovskite single crystals (MA, methylammonium; DMA, dimethylammonium).

Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of blueberry anthocyanins by AMPK activation: In vitro and in vivo studies.

Blueberries are rich in bioactive anthocyanins, with a high level of malvidin, which is associated with antioxidant benefits that contribute to reducing the risk of diabetes. The objective of this study was to investigate the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of blueberry anthocyanin extract (BAE), malvidin (Mv), malvidin-3-glucoside (Mv-3-glc), and malvidin-3-galactoside (Mv-3-gal) in both human hepatocarcinoma cell line HepG2 and in a high-fat diet combining streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. High glucose treatment significantly increased hepatic oxidative stress up to 6-fold and decreased HepG2 cell viability.

Lactate enhances Arc/arg3.1 expression through hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1-β-arrestin2 pathway in astrocytes.

In recent years, with the discovery and research of lactate-specific receptor HCAR1(hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1), lactate is not only as a product of Glycolysis in astrocytes, but also as a signaling molecule which has gradually received attention. Studies have found that lactate can be used as an intercellular signaling molecule involved in synaptic plasticity, and so that peripheral administration of lactate can produce antidepressant effects. Here, we focus on HCAR1 on the most widely distributed astrocytes in the brain, found and verified that lactate could cause Arc/arg3.

Design of a catalyst through Fe doping of the boron cage BH for CO hydrogenation and investigation of the catalytic character of iron hydride (Fe-H).

The innovative catalyst Fe@BH is designed through Fe doping of the boron cage BH and is employed to catalyze CO hydrogenation using a quantum mechanical method. First, the structure of the Fe@BH complex is characterized through calculated B NMR chemical shifts and Raman spectra, and the interactions between Fe and the four H atoms of the opening in the cage are analyzed, which show that various iron hydride (Fe-H) characteristics exist. Subsequently, the potential of Fe@BH as a catalyst for the hydrogenative reduction of CO in the gas phase is computationally evaluated.