Association between frequency of dairy product consumption and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in Zhejiang Province, China.

Background: Hypertension, a well-known risk factor, contributes to millions of deaths from cardiovascular and renal diseases worldwide. However, evidence on the association between frequency of dairy product consumption and hypertension is inconsistent.

Methods: The data for the present study are from the Tongxiang baseline dataset of the China Kadoorie Biobank prospective study.

The Effects of Chronic Disease Management in Primary Health Care: Evidence from Rural China.

Health systems globally face increasing morbidity and mortality from chronic diseases, yet many - especially in low- and middle-income countries - lack strong chronic disease management in primary health care (PHC). We provide evidence on China's efforts to promote PHC management using unique five-year panel data in a rural county, including health care utilization from medical claims and health outcomes from biomarkers. Utilizing plausibly exogenous variation in management intensity generated by administrative and geographic boundaries, we compare hypertension/diabetes patients in villages within two kilometers distance but managed by different townships.

The Impact of Catastrophic Medical Insurance in China: A five-year patient-level panel study.

In an effort to provide greater financial protection from the risk of large medical expenditures, China has gradually added catastrophic medical insurance (CMI) to the various basic insurance schemes. Tongxiang, a rural county in Zhejiang province, China, has had CMI since 2000 for their employee insurance scheme, and since 2014 for their resident insurance scheme. Compiling and analysing patient-level panel data over five years, we use a difference-in-difference approach to study the effect of the 2014 introduction of CMI for resident insurance beneficiaries in Tongxiang.

Association between frequency of spicy food consumption and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in Zhejiang Province, China.

Background: Hypertension is a known risk factor for multiple chronic diseases. Existing literature on the association between frequency of spicy food consumption and hypertension shows mixed findings.

Methods: The analyses are based on the Tongxiang baseline dataset of the China Kadoorie Biobank prospective study, including data from electronic questionnaires, physical measurements and blood sample collection.

Association of daytime napping in relation to risk of diabetes: evidence from a prospective study in Zhejiang, China.

Background: Diabetes was a major risk factor for numerous chronic diseases. However, the associations between daytime napping and diabetes in the existing literature is still inconsistent.

Methods: The analysis included 53,916 participants aged 30-79 years of the China Kadoorie Biobank prospective study from Tongxiang.

Awareness, current use of electronic cigarettes and associated smoking factors in Zhejiang Chinese adolescents.

Objectives: The present study aims at examining the prevalence of awareness and current use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) among middle and high school students from Zhejiang, China. Smoking-related factors associated with e-cigarettes use will also be explored.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was based on 2017 Zhejiang Youth Risk Behavior Survey.

How do type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-related complications and socioeconomic factors impact direct medical costs? A cross-sectional study in rural Southeast China.

Objective: To evaluate type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-related direct medical costs by complication type and complication number, and to assess the impacts of complications as well as socioeconomic factors on direct medical costs.

Design: A cross-sectional study using data from the region's diabetes management system, social security system and death registry system, 2015.

Setting: Tongxiang, China.

Direct medical cost of diabetes in rural China using electronic insurance claims data and diabetes management data.

Aims/introduction: To evaluate the annual direct medical cost attributable to type 2 diabetes mellitus according to socioeconomic factors, medical conditions and complications categories.

Materials And Methods: We created uniquely detailed data from merging datasets of the local diabetes management system and the social security system in Tongxiang, China. We calculated the type 2 diabetes mellitus-related total cost and out-of-pocket cost for inpatient admissions and outpatient visits, and compared the cost for patients with or without complications by different healthcare items.

Menopause Characteristics, Total Reproductive Years, and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Among Chinese Women.

Background: Previous studies, mostly of Western women, have reported inconsistent findings on the association of menopause characteristics (status, age, and time since menopause) and total reproductive years with risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methods And Results: The China Kadoorie Biobank recruited 302 632 women in 2004 to 2008 from 10 regions across China. During 9-year follow-up, 19 393 incident cases of stroke, 18 611 of ischemic heart disease, and 4978 CVD deaths occurred.

[Association between sleep duration and stroke in adults].

Objective: To explore the association between sleep duration and stroke in adults.

Methods: Baseline data of 57 704 subjects who were aged 30-79 years and enrolled into China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) study from Tongxiang county, Zhejiang province were analyzed. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate the putative association between sleep duration and stroke after adjusting for potential confounders.

COPD and its association with smoking in the Mainland China: a cross-sectional analysis of 0.5 million men and women from ten diverse areas.

Purpose: In adult Chinese men, smoking prevalence is high, but little is known about its association with chronic respiratory disease, which is still poorly diagnosed and managed.

Methods: A nationwide study recruited 0.5 million men and women aged 30-79 years during 2004-2008 from ten geographically diverse areas across the Mainland China.