Ultrasound evaluation and grading of neuromuscular disease in lower extremities among diabetic patients.

Objective: To explore the clinical utility of ultrasound in evaluating and grading neuromuscular diseases in the lower extremities of patients with diabetes mellitus.

Methods: A total of 126 inpatients from the Department of Diabetes at Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, China, were recruited from June 2020 to December 2022. The cohort included 69 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN group) and 57 patients with T2DM but without DPN (non-DPN group).

Different Subtypes of Influenza Viruses Target Different Human Proteins and Pathways Leading to Different Pathogenic Phenotypes.

Different subtypes of influenza A viruses (IAVs) cause different pathogenic phenotypes after infecting human bodies. Analysis of the interactions between viral proteins and the host proteins may provide insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of the virus. In this paper, we found that the same proteins (nucleoprotein and neuraminidase) of H1N1 and H5N1 have different impacts on the NF-B activation.

A Type III Effector NleF from EHEC Inhibits Epithelial Inflammatory Cell Death by Targeting Caspase-4.

Enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) is a highly pathogenic bacterial strain capable of inducing severe gastrointestinal disease. Here, we show that EHEC uses the T3SS effector NleF to counteract the host inflammatory response by dampening caspase-4-mediated inflammatory epithelial cell death and by preventing the production of IL-1. The other two inflammatory caspases, caspase-1 and caspase-5, are not involved in EHEC Δ-induced inflammatory cell death.

Ecological dynamics of influenza A viruses: cross-species transmission and global migration.

A comprehensive study of cross-species transmission and inter-regional migration would provide insights into the global ecology of influenza A viruses (IAVs). To this end, we assembled 17,241 non-redundant IAV whole-genome sequences with complete epidemiological information. We hierarchically divided the movements of IAVs into the cross-species transmission in each region and the inter-regional migration driven by each host species.