Effect of preoperative oral nutritional supplements on clinical outcomes in patients undergoing surgery for gastrointestinal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The clinical benefit of preoperative oral nutritional supplements (ONS) in patients undergoing surgery for gastrointestinal cancer remains controversial.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of preoperative ONS on postoperative clinical outcomes in patients with gastrointestinal cancer.

Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases for randomized controlled trials evaluating preoperative ONS in patients undergoing surgery for gastrointestinal cancer from inception until April 2024.

Programmable and resilient metamaterials with anisotropic and non-linear mechanical responses composed exclusively of stiff constituents.

Recently, significant progress has been made in the field of flexible bulk metamaterials composed of soft and elastic materials, unlocking the potential for achieving programmable non-linear mechanical responses, such as shape morphing, energy absorption, and information processing. However, the majority of these metamaterials utilize expensive hyperelastic materials and require complex fabrication processes. Additionally, constructing eco-friendly stiff constituents for these metamaterials remains challenging due to their limited elastic limit strains (<0.

Supramolecular Nanofibers Ameliorate Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis by Restoring Autophagy.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and ultimately fatal interstitial lung disease, with limited therapeutic options available. Impaired autophagy resulting from aberrant TRB3/p62 protein-protein interactions (PPIs) contributes to the progression of IPF. Restoration of autophagy by modulating the TRB3/p62 PPIs has rarely been reported for the treatment of IPF.

Assessment of visual function in blind mice and monkeys with subretinally implanted nanowire arrays as artificial photoreceptors.

Retinal prostheses could restore image-forming vision in conditions of photoreceptor degeneration. However, contrast sensitivity and visual acuity are often insufficient. Here we report the performance, in mice and monkeys with induced photoreceptor degeneration, of subretinally implanted gold-nanoparticle-coated titania nanowire arrays providing a spatial resolution of 77.

Population coding of time-varying sounds in the non-lemniscal Inferior Colliculus.

The inferior colliculus (IC) of the midbrain is important for complex sound processing, such as discriminating conspecific vocalizations and human speech. The IC's non-lemniscal, dorsal "shell" region is likely important for this process, as neurons in these layers project to higher-order thalamic nuclei that subsequently funnel acoustic signals to the amygdala and non-primary auditory cortices; forebrain circuits important for vocalization coding in a variety of mammals, including humans. However, the extent to which shell IC neurons transmit acoustic features necessary to discern vocalizations is less clear, owing to the technical difficulty of recording from neurons in the IC's superficial layers via traditional approaches.

Error Analysis of a PFEM Based on the Euler Semi-Implicit Scheme for the Unsteady MHD Equations.

In this article, we mainly consider a first order penalty finite element method (PFEM) for the 2D/3D unsteady incompressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations. The penalty method applies a penalty term to relax the constraint "∇·u=0", which allows us to transform the saddle point problem into two smaller problems to solve. The Euler semi-implicit scheme is based on a first order backward difference formula for time discretization and semi-implicit treatments for nonlinear terms.

Cholecystokinin neurons in mouse suprachiasmatic nucleus regulate the robustness of circadian clock.

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) can generate robust circadian behaviors in mammals under different environments, but the underlying neural mechanisms remained unclear. Here, we showed that the activities of cholecystokinin (CCK) neurons in the mouse SCN preceded the onset of behavioral activities under different photoperiods. CCK-neuron-deficient mice displayed shortened free-running periods, failed to compress their activities under a long photoperiod, and developed rapid splitting or became arrhythmic under constant light.

Gossypol ameliorates the IL-1β-induced apoptosis and inflammation in chondrocytes by suppressing the activation of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway via downregulating CX43.

The effects of anti-inflammatory drug gossypol on osteoarthritis (OA) treatment were discussed in this paper. After identified using toluidine blue and immunofluorescence staining of type II collagen, chondrocytes from OA patients were treated with interleukin-1β (IL-1β), gossypol, and overexpressed connexin43 (CX43). In treated chondrocytes, according to MTT assay and flow cytometry, gossypol increased viability and reduced apoptosis of IL-1β induced chondrocytes.

Genome-wide analysis of lncRNA stability in human.

Transcript stability is associated with many biological processes, and the factors affecting mRNA stability have been extensively studied. However, little is known about the features related to human long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) stability. By inhibiting transcription and collecting samples in 10 time points, genome-wide RNA-seq studies was performed in human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549) and RNA half-life datasets were constructed.

Deep learning methods improve linear B-cell epitope prediction.

Background: B-cell epitopes play important roles in vaccine design, clinical diagnosis, and antibody production. Although some models have been developed to predict linear or conformational B-cell epitopes, their performance is still unsatisfactory. Hundreds of thousands of linear B-cell epitope data have accumulated in the Immune Epitope Database (IEDB).

Biodegradation of fenoxaprop-P-ethyl (FE) by Acinetobacter sp. strain DL-2 and cloning of FE hydrolase gene afeH.

Fenoxaprop-P-ethyl (FE) is widely used as a post-emergence aryloxyphenoxy propionate (AOPP) herbicide in agriculture. An efficient FE-degrading strain DL-2 was isolated from the enrichment culture and identified as Acinetobacter sp. and the metabolite fenoxaprop acid (FA) was identified by HPLC/MS analysis.