Comparison of antipsychotic prescribing practices following failure of antipsychotic monotherapy in the acute care setting.

Introduction: Numerous strategies exist following antipsychotic monotherapy failure including transition to another antipsychotic, dosing above FDA recommendations, or dual antipsychotic therapy. This study described antipsychotic prescribing practices on an acute psychiatry unit following antipsychotic monotherapy failure and compared outcomes to determine if any strategy resulted in superior short-term outcomes.

Methods: This retrospective chart review assessed postintervention time to discharge for patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder requiring therapy change following treatment failure.

Second-harmonic generation of asymmetric Bessel-Gaussian beams carrying orbital angular momentum.

Nonlinear processes of laser beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) offer a means to generate new wavelengths and to manipulate OAM charge numbers. We demonstrate the second-harmonic generation (SHG) of asymmetric Bessel-Gaussian (BG) beams carrying OAM of both integer and fractional charge numbers. Experimental results show a good one-to-one correspondence of the charge numbers and compliance with the OAM conservation law.

Experimental probing of turbulence using a continuous spectrum of asymmetric OAM beams.

Propagation of a continuous spectrum of orbital angular momentum (OAM) states through a realistic and controlled 3-dimensional turbulent condition has not been studied to date to the authors' knowledge. Using the Higher Order Bessel-gauss Beams Integrated in Time (HOBBIT) system and a 60 meter optical path Variable Turbulence Generator (VTG), we demonstrate that by changing the OAM in a continuous scan, a spectrum of OAMs provide an opportunity to take advantage of additional propagation channels within the aperture of the transmitter and optical path to the receiver. Experimental results are provided illustrating the HOBBIT system's ability to position the beam in space and time to exploit eigenchannels in the turbulent medium.

Rapidly tunable orbital angular momentum (OAM) system for higher order Bessel beams integrated in time (HOBBIT).

Beams with fast and continuously-tunable orbital angular momentum (OAM) have potential applications in classical and quantum optical communications, sensing, and in the study of beam propagation through turbulence. An acousto-optical deflector (AOD) is a sophisticated, well-studied device that continuously and rapidly tunes the deflection angle of an output beam. The log-polar HOBBIT setup can generate beams with OAM by wrapping elliptically shaped Gaussian beams with linear phase tilt to a ring.

Multi-dimensional QAM equivalent constellation using coherently coupled orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes in optical communication.

In this work, a 1550 nm fiber-to-free-space optical communication link is successfully demonstrated employing the superposition of two coherently coupled orbital angular momentum (CCOAM) states. Information is encoded onto both the amplitude and phase of the CCOAM beams and is mapped to a three-dimensional (3D) constellation space using quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) equivalent architecture. The 3D QAM constellation is based on a higher-order Poincare sphere equivalent for OAM states, and multiple spherical constellations are demonstrated for 64- and 128-QAM, providing a 6X and 7X increase in spectral efficiency by fully exploiting the available 3D space.

Multilevel quadrature amplitude multiplexing using coherently coupled orbital angular momentum modes.

Information can be encoded onto transverse spatial light modes, providing a platform that can improve the spectral efficiency of a communications link. Switching speed between these spatial modes and detection methods limit the information capacity of such links. This work demonstrates high speed capabilities of such a link.

Propagation of modulated optical beams carrying orbital angular momentum in turbid water.

The attenuation and temporal dispersion of beams with and without orbital angular momentum (OAM) underwater are investigated in a controlled laboratory water tank environment. Both spherical polystyrene beads and a commercial antacid are used to determine the effect of scattering particle size and shape on the results. Varying concentrations of the scattering agents were used to study the propagation of light in both minimally scattered and multiply scattered regimes (over 20 attenuation lengths).

Multi-gigabit/s underwater optical communication link using orbital angular momentum multiplexing.

In this work we experimentally demonstrated an underwater wireless optical communications (UWOC) link over a 2.96 m distance with two 445-nm fiber-pigtailed laser diodes employing Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) to allow for spatial multiplexing. Using an on-off keying, non-return-to-zero (OOK-NRZ) modulation scheme, a data rate of 3 Gbit/s was achieved in water with an attenuation coefficient of 0.