Rare case of optic pathway glioma with extensive intra-ocular involvement in a child with neurofibromatosis type 1.

We present a case of a 3-year-old girl with a positive family history of neurofibromatosis type-1 (NF1) presented with best corrected visual acuity of 20/40 in the right eye and <20/400 in the left eye. External ocular examination revealed left eye proptosis of 3 mm, grade II left relative afferent pupillary defect and full range of ocular motility with no strabismus. Slit lamp examination revealed iris lisch nodules bilaterally.

Bilateral reduction mammoplasty following breast cancer: A case-control study.

Purpose: Many women undergo a bilateral reduction mammoplasty after lumpectomy and radiation for breast cancer due to breast hypertrophy. The outcomes of these patients, focusing on complications and the need for additional surgery, are reviewed.

Methods: A matched case-control study with patients serving as their own control (treated breast cancer breasts were 'cases', healthy breasts were 'controls') was performed.

National variations in retinopathy of prematurity screening criteria in Canada: existent guidelines and actual practice patterns.

Objective: To survey the current inclusion criteria used for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening across tertiary level 3 neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in Canada.

Participants: Clinical directors from 29 level 3 NICUs in Canada.

Methods: Survey of all 29 level 3 NICUs in Canada in September 2010.

Metabolic features of clear-cell renal cell carcinoma: mechanisms and clinical implications.

Central to the malignant behaviour that endows cancer cells with growth advantage is their unique metabolism. Cancer cells can process nutrient molecules differently from normal cells and use it to overcome stress imposed on them by various therapies. This metabolic conversion is controlled by specific genetic mutations that are associated with activation of oncogenes and loss of tumour suppressor proteins.

Construction of tissue micro array from prostate needle biopsies using the vertical clustering re-arrangement technique.

Background: Tissue microarray (TMA) allows for simultaneous rapid expression analysis of multiple molecular targets in many tissue specimens. TMA's are specifically in demand for the screening for diagnostic and prognostic markers in prostate cancer (PC). Consequently, TMAs from prostate needle biopsy (PNB) material taken at diagnosis before any treatment commenced are in demand.

What can surrogate tissues tell us about the oxidative stress status of the prostate? A hypothesis-generating in-vivo study.

Background: Prostatic oxidative stress (OS) is androgen-regulated and a key event in the development of prostate cancer (PC). Thus, reducing prostatic OS is an attractive target for PC prevention strategies. We sought to determine if the individual's prostatic OS status can be determined by examining the OS in surrogate androgen regulated tissues from the same host.