American Headache Society white paper on treatment of post-traumatic headache from concussion in youth.

Objective: To provide healthcare professionals guidance on youth at risk for prolonged recovery and post-traumatic headache (PTH), and on pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic management of PTH due to concussion and mild traumatic brain injury.

Background: Headache is the most common persistent post-concussive symptom affecting 8% of youth for >3 months after concussion. Over the past decade, many studies have explored the treatment of PTH in youth, but there are no established guidelines.

Melatonin for migraine prevention in children and adolescents: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial after single-blind placebo lead-in.

Background: Melatonin is effective for migraine prevention in adults. We hypothesized that melatonin would also be effective for migraine prevention in children and adolescents.

Methods: This was a randomized, double-blind trial of melatonin (3 mg or 6 mg) versus placebo for migraine prevention in 10-17 year-olds with 4-28/28 headache days at baseline.

Headache in the Pediatric Population: Focus on Migraine.

Pediatric headache is a common condition with significant impact on quality of life and ability to function in academic, social, and extracurricular activities. Most pediatric patients seen in primary care and neurology clinics with headache have primary headache disorders. Diagnosis is largely based on clinical history.

Outcomes That Matter to Adolescents With Continuous Headache Due to Chronic Migraine and Their Parents: A Pilot Survey Study.

Background And Objectives: Children and adolescents with chronic migraine who have continuous headache may have high levels of headache-related disability but have largely been excluded from clinical trials. Understanding patient-valued treatment outcomes may facilitate future study design. The aim of this work was to identify patient-valued outcome measures for headache preventive treatments among adolescents with continuous headache due to chronic migraine and their parents.

Acute and chronic management of posttraumatic headache in children: A systematic review.

Objectives: The goal of this paper is to provide a compilation of the evidence for the treatment of posttraumatic headache (PTH) in the pediatric population. Headache features and timing of therapy were considered.

Background: Headache is the most common symptom following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), affecting more than 80% of children and adolescents.

Benign paroxysmal torticollis: phenotype, natural history, and quality of life.

Background: Benign paroxysmal torticollis (BPT) is characterized by attacks of head tilt associated with vomiting, irritability, and/or ataxia in early childhood. BPT is associated with migraine but risk factors are unknown. Impact on quality of life is also unknown.

Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Monoclonal Antibody Use for the Preventive Treatment of Refractory Headache Disorders in Adolescents.

Background: Monoclonal antibodies to calcitonin gene-related peptide or its receptor have clinical trial evidence in adults with headache, but data are lacking in adolescents. The objective of this study was to describe the safety and efficacy of calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibody treatment in adolescents with chronic headache disorders.

Methods: We performed a retrospective multisite cohort study of patients less than 18 years of age who received a calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibody for headache prevention.

Melatonin for Acute Treatment of Migraine in Children and Adolescents: A Pilot Randomized Trial.

Objective: To determine what dose of melatonin is most effective for treating migraine acutely in children and adolescents.

Background: Acute migraine medications may not work for all patients and may cause side effects. Melatonin is effective for migraine prevention in adults and has been used acutely for procedural pain in children.

Pediatric Migraine: An Update.

This article outlines key features of diagnosis and treatment of migraine in children and adolescents. It emphasizes techniques that can be used by clinicians to optimize history taking in this population, as well as recognition of episodic conditions that may be associated with migraine and present in childhood. Acute treatment strategies include use of over-the-counter analgesics and triptan medications that have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for use in children and adolescents.

High School Start Time and Migraine Frequency in High School Students.

Objective: To investigate whether later high school start time is associated with lower migraine frequency in high school students with migraine.

Background: Adequate sleep is thought to be important in managing adolescent migraine. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine recommends teenagers sleep ≥8 hours/night.

RReACT goes global: perils and pitfalls of constructing a global open-access database of registered analgesic clinical trials and trial results.

Eliminating publication bias requires ensuring public awareness of studies and access to results. Clinical trial registries provide basic trial information, but access to unbiased trial results is inadequate. Nearly all studies of trial registration and results reporting have been limited to the ClinicalTrials.

Persistent postoperative pain and sensory changes following lymph node excision in melanoma patients: a topical review.

Studies on complications related to chronic nerve injury following sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) and complete lymph node dissection (CLND) for melanoma are sparse. This review summarizes the existing literature on pain and neuropathic complications in melanoma patients undergoing SLNB with or without CLND. The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and the Embase and PubMed databases were searched.

Discrepancies between registered and published primary outcome specifications in analgesic trials: ACTTION systematic review and recommendations.

The National Institutes of Health released the trial registry ClinicalTrials.gov in 2000 to increase public reporting and clinical trial transparency. This systematic review examined whether registered primary outcome specifications (POS; ie, definitions, timing, and analytic plans) in analgesic treatment trials correspond with published POS.

Natural history of herpes zoster: late follow-up of 3.9 years (n=43) and 7.7 years (n=10).

Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is a common complication after herpes zoster (HZ). Subjects who completed a longitudinal observational 6-month study (4 visits) of the natural history of HZ were recontacted for 2 additional follow-up visits that included pain and sensory symptom assessment, quantitative sensory testing, capsaicin response test, and 3-mm punch skin biopsies in HZ-affected, mirror-image, and control skin sites. Forty-three subjects (14 with PHN at 6 months) of the original 94 subjects in the cohort were comprehensively assessed at a median 3.

Interactive informed consent: randomized comparison with paper consents.

Informed consent is the cornerstone of human research subject protection. Many subjects sign consent documents without understanding the study purpose, procedures, risks, benefits, and their rights. Proof of comprehension is not required and rarely obtained.

Lower level of endogenous dopamine in patients with cocaine dependence: findings from PET imaging of D(2)/D(3) receptors following acute dopamine depletion.

Objective: Previous positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies have demonstrated that cocaine dependence is associated with a decrease in dopamine type 2 and 3 (D(2)/D(3)) receptor binding in cocaine-dependent individuals relative to healthy comparison subjects. However, given the nature of PET imaging, it is possible that the measured decrease in radiotracer binding results from an increase in baseline dopamine levels. The purpose of this study was to measure D(2)/D(3) receptors following acute dopamine depletion in cocaine-dependent volunteers relative to healthy comparison subjects.