Self-reported Patient-perpetrated Sexual Harassment and Subsequent Reporting Among Health Care Clinicians in Urology and Obstetrics-Gynecology: A Cohort Survey.

Objective: To understand the experiences of urologists and obstetricians-gynecologists (obgyns) with patient-perpetrated sexual harassment (PPSH) since the clinical focus of these specialists may make them particularly vulnerable to PPSH.

Methods: A multiple-choice anonymous online survey was administered in the Departments of Urology and Obgyn at a single institution from 22 September, 2022-18 October, 2022. The survey assessed if clinicians had experienced PPSH, including gender harassment, unwanted sexual attention, and/or sexual coercion from patients, where PPSH was witnessed or experienced, and whether implementation of chaperones impacted their experiences with PPSH.

Differences in international medical graduates' letters of recommendation by gender in pulmonary and critical care medicine: a cohort analysis.

Background: International Medical Graduates (IMGs) encounter barriers as they seek to match into fellowship programs in the United States (US). This study's objective is to determine if there are differences in letters of recommendation written for IMGs compared to U.S.

Gendered Language in Letters of Recommendation for Applicants to Pulmonary Critical Care Fellowships.

Background: Previous work has demonstrated letters of recommendation for women in academic medicine are shorter and emphasize communal traits over grindstone or agentic traits.

Objective: To determine if there are sex-based differences in letters of recommendation written for applicants applying to pulmonary critical care medicine fellowships and if the sex of the letter writer impacts these differences.

Methods: All fellowship applications submitted to a pulmonary critical care medicine fellowship program in 2020 were included in this study.