Differential induction of allergen-specific IgA responses following timothy grass subcutaneous and sublingual immunotherapy.

Introduction: There is no detailed comparison of allergen-specific immunoglobulin responses following sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) and subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT).

Objective: We sought to compare nasal and systemic timothy grass pollen (TGP)-specific antibody responses during 2 years of SCIT and SLIT and 1 year after treatment discontinuation in a double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled trial.

Methods: Nasal fluid and serum were obtained yearly (per-protocol population, n = 84).

Association of Staphylococcus aureus colonization with food allergy occurs independently of eczema severity.

Background: Staphylococcus aureus has been implicated in the pathophysiology of eczema, allergic rhinitis, asthma, and food allergy. S aureus is a marker of more severe eczema, which is a risk factor for food sensitization/allergy. Therefore it might be that the association between S aureus and food allergy in eczematous patients is related to eczema severity.

Increased Tolerance to Less Extensively Heat-Denatured (Baked) Milk Products in Milk-Allergic Children.

Background: Most milk-allergic children tolerate baked milk.

Objective: To investigate the effect of more frequent versus less frequent introduction of higher doses of more allergenic (less heat-denatured) forms of milk (MAFM) on progression to tolerance.

Methods: Milk-allergic children were challenged with increasing doses of MAFM; baked foods were incorporated into the diet; challenges were repeated at 6- or 12-month intervals over 36 months.

Allergen specificity of early peanut consumption and effect on development of allergic disease in the Learning Early About Peanut Allergy study cohort.

Background: Early introduction of dietary peanut in high-risk infants with severe eczema, egg allergy, or both prevented peanut allergy at 5 years of age in the Learning Early About Peanut Allergy (LEAP) study. The protective effect persisted after 12 months of avoiding peanuts in the 12-month extension of the LEAP study (LEAP-On). It is unclear whether this benefit is allergen and allergic disease specific.

Effect of 2 Years of Treatment With Sublingual Grass Pollen Immunotherapy on Nasal Response to Allergen Challenge at 3 Years Among Patients With Moderate to Severe Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis: The GRASS Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Sublingual immunotherapy and subcutaneous immunotherapy are effective in seasonal allergic rhinitis. Three years of continuous treatment with subcutaneous immunotherapy and sublingual immunotherapy has been shown to improve symptoms for at least 2 years following discontinuation of treatment.

Objective: To assess whether 2 years of treatment with grass pollen sublingual immunotherapy, compared with placebo, provides improved nasal response to allergen challenge at 3-year follow-up.

Impact of peanut consumption in the LEAP Study: Feasibility, growth, and nutrition.

Background: Early introduction of peanut is an effective strategy to prevent peanut allergy in high-risk infants; however, feasibility and effects on growth and nutritional intake are unknown.

Objective: We sought to evaluate the feasibility of introducing peanut in infancy and explore effects on growth and nutritional intake up to age 60 months.

Methods: In the Learning Early About Peanut Allergy trial, 640 atopic infants aged 4 to 11 months were randomly assigned to consume (6 g peanut protein per week) or avoid peanut until age 60 months.