Haplogroup diversity in the Indian population using 23 Y-STRs.

Background: A Y-STR polymorphism study is a convenient tool in molecular anthropology and forensic DNA analysis.

Aim: Through standard ethical procedures, the proposed study explored the genetic scenario in male lineage in Madhya Pradesh, a central Indian state, by Y-STR genotyping and haplogroup studies.

Subjects And Methods: Five hundred and eleven unrelated male blood samples were directly amplified, and fragment separation was done using capillary electrophoresis to generate a Y-STR profile for 23 forensic relevant markers through PowerPlex Y 23 multiplex system.

Sequence variations, flanking region mutations, and allele frequency at 31 autosomal STRs in the central Indian population by next generation sequencing (NGS).

Capillary electrophoresis-based analysis does not reflect the exact allele number variation at the STR loci due to the non-availability of the data on sequence variation in the repeat region and the SNPs in flanking regions. Herein, this study reports the length-based and sequence-based allelic data of 138 central Indian individuals at 31 autosomal STR loci by NGS. The sequence data at each allele was compared to the reference hg19 sequence.

Forensic characterization of 124 SNPs in the central Indian population using precision ID Identity Panel through next-generation sequencing.

With the advent of next-generation sequencing technology, SNP markers are being explored as a useful alternative to conventional capillary electrophoresis-based STR typing. Low mutation rate and short-sized amplicons are added advantages of SNP markers over the STRs. However, to achieve a sufficient level of discrimination among individuals, a higher number of SNPs need to be characterized simultaneously.

Mutations in Pfcrt and Pfmdr1 genes of Plasmodium falciparum isolates from two sites in Northcentral and Southwest Nigeria.

The ability of malaria parasites to develop resistance to antimalarial drugs has made it necessary to continuously survey malaria parasite populations for resistance markers. Mutations in specific malaria parasite genes confer resistance to antimalarial drugs. The study compared mutations in Pfcrt and Pfmdr1 genes of P.

Genetic diversity and forensic characterization of 15 autosomal microsatellite markers in the North-east Indian Tripuri population.

This study was conducted to explore the genomic diversity and forensic characterization of 15 autosomal microsatellite markers in the East Indian Tripuri population. In the studied population, we observed 158 different alleles with the average 10.53 alleles per locus.

A study of genomic diversity in populations of Maharashtra, India, inferred from 20 autosomal STR markers.

Objective: This study was planned to evaluate the genetic diversity in the admixed and Teli (a Hindu caste) populations of Maharashtra, India using 20 autosomal Short Tandem Repeat (STR) genetic markers. We further investigated the genetic relatedness of the studied populations with other Indian populations.

Results: The studied populations showed a wide range of observed heterozygosity viz.

A case of "false tri-allelic pattern" on D7S820, caused by invasion of a short SE33 allele into the bins of D7S820.

Autosomal short tandem repeats (asSTR) serve as genetic markers for discriminating individuals and have been extensively used for criminal investigations as well as the establishment of genetic relationships. Tri-allelic pattern usually occurs due to chromosomal duplication, trisomy, and chimerism during mitotic division, but a false tri-allelic pattern at the D7S820 locus was encountered in our laboratory during the analysis of a case exhibit. DNA isolation from exhibit for profiling was done as per manufacturer's protocol.

Forensic characterization and genetic evaluation in the Central Indian population using 27 Y-STRs.

Introduction: Forensic characterization and genetic evaluation study in the 539 randomly selected unrelated adult healthy individuals belonging to the Central Indian population was undertaken.

Methods: The study was performed using a multiplex of 27 Y-STRs incoporated in Yfiler™ Plus multiplex kit.

Results: Out of 539 samples, 6 samples were observed for large deletion and tri-allelic patterns, which were removed from the analysis, and out of 533 samples, a total of 507 haplotypes were found, and out of these haplotypes, 482 unique haplotypes were found in this piece of work.

Novel molecular diagnostic technique for detecting the different species of Plasmodium.

Background: Sensitive diagnostic techniques are needed for timely detection of malaria parasite and disease control. Molecular diagnostic techniques involving Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with 18 s rRNA as a known diagnostic target with an overall sensitivity of 10 parasites per microliter is used as a gold standard. Till date, no attempt has been undertaken to develop a technique for the identification of four Plasmodium species in a single step PCR combined with restriction digestion with enzymes.

Forensic effectiveness and genetic distribution of 23 autosomal STRs included in Verifiler Plus multiplex in a population sample from Madhya Pradesh, India.

We report here the first ever global study on genetic polymorphism using a Verifiler Plus autosomal STR multiplex system. The study evaluated genetic characteristics of 23 autosomal STRs in 200 unrelated residents of Guna district of Madhya Pradesh, India. Allele frequencies and forensic parameters are reported.

Haplotype data for 17 Y-STR loci in the population of Himachal Pradesh, India.

We report here the data of Y chromosome haplotypes of 259 unrelated males from the population of Himachal Pradesh, India, using the Yfiler® multiplex kit. A total of 188 haplotypes were detected, out of which 148 were unique. Three samples showed bi-allelic pattern on locus DYS448.

Forensic genetic analysis of population of Madhya Pradesh with PowerPlex Fusion 6C Multiplex System.

Performance of PowerPlex Fusion 6C kit (PP F6C) was assessed in 374 unrelated individuals belonging to Madhya Pradesh, an Indian state. The study evaluated the forensic parameters for the loci included in PP F6C Multiplex System. The combined discrimination power (CPD) and combined exclusion power (CPE) were 1 and 0.

Genetic data for PowerPlex 21™ autosomal and PowerPlex 23 Y-STR™ loci from population of the state of Uttar Pradesh, India.

In the present study, the statistical forensic parameters were evaluated for the loci present in PowerPlex 21 autosomal and PowerPlex 23 Y-STR multiplex systems in 168 unrelated individuals living in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. The combined discrimination power (CPD) and combined exclusion power (CPE) was 1 and 0.999999 respectively for all 20 autosomal STR loci.

sensitivity pattern of chloroquine and artemisinin in .

Artemisinin (ART) and its derivatives form the mainstay of antimalarial therapy. Emergence of resistance to them poses a potential threat to future malaria control and elimination on a global level. It is important to know the mechanism of action of drug and development of drug resistance.

Monitoring the efficacy of antimalarial medicines in India via sentinel sites: Outcomes and risk factors for treatment failure.

Background & Objectives: To combat the problem of antimalarial drug resistance, monitoring the changes in drug efficacy over time through periodic surveillance is essential. Since 2009, systematic and continuous monitoring is being done through nationwide sentinel site system. Potential early warning signs like partner drug resistance markers were also monitored in the clinical samples from the study areas.

Surveillance of artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum in India using the kelch13 molecular marker.

Malaria treatment in Southeast Asia is threatened with the emergence of artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum. Genome association studies have strongly linked a locus on P. falciparum chromosome 13 to artemisinin resistance, and recently, mutations in the kelch13 propeller region (Pfk-13) were strongly linked to resistance.

Declining efficacy of artesunate plus sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine in northeastern India.

Background: Anti-malarial drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum in India has historically travelled from northeast India along the Myanmar border. The treatment policy for P. falciparum in the region was, therefore, changed from chloroquine to artesunate (AS) plus sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) in selected areas in 2005 and in 2008 it became the first-line treatment.

Monitoring antimalarial drug resistance in India via sentinel sites: outcomes and risk factors for treatment failure, 2009-2010.

Objective: To describe India's National Antimalarial Drug Resistance Monitoring System, measure the efficacy of first-line malaria treatments, and determine risk factors for treatment failure.

Methods: In 2009-2010, prospective studies with 28 days of follow-up were conducted at 25 sentinel sites. Patients infected with Plasmodium falciparum were given artesunate plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (AS+SP); those infected with P.