Nivolumab to restore T-cell fitness in CAR-T refractory multiple myeloma.

Efficacy and durability remain central shortcomings of T-cell based therapies in multiple myeloma (MM). Here, we employ blood-based transcriptional T-cell profiling to define impaired T-cell fitness as putative biomarker associated with sensitivity to PD1 inhibition in CAR-T refractory MM patients.

High-Resolution OCT Reveals Age-Associated Variation in the Region Posterior to the External Limiting Membrane.

Purpose: To evaluate visibility of a sub-band posterior to the external limiting membrane (ELM) and assess its age-associated variation.

Methods: In a retrospective cross-sectional study, normal eyes were imaged using a high-resolution spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) prototype (2.7-µm axial resolution).

A truncated variant of the ribosome-associated trigger factor specifically contributes to plant chloroplast ribosome biogenesis.

Molecular chaperones are essential throughout a protein's life and act already during protein synthesis. Bacteria and chloroplasts of plant cells share the ribosome-associated chaperone trigger factor (Tig1 in plastids), facilitating maturation of emerging nascent polypeptides. While typical trigger factor chaperones employ three domains for their task, the here described truncated form, Tig2, contains just the ribosome binding domain.

Human TRMT1 and TRMT1L paralogs ensure the proper modification state, stability, and function of tRNAs.

The tRNA methyltransferase 1 (TRMT1) enzyme catalyzes the N2,N2-dimethylguanosine (m2,2G) modification in tRNAs. Intriguingly, vertebrates encode an additional tRNA methyltransferase 1-like (TRMT1L) paralog. Here, we use a comprehensive tRNA sequencing approach to decipher targets of human TRMT1 and TRMT1L.

Partial PdAu nanoparticle embedding into TiO support accentuates catalytic contributions from the Au/TiO interface.

Despite the broad catalytic relevance of metal-support interfaces, controlling their chemical nature, the interfacial contact perimeter (exposed to reactants), and consequently, their contributions to overall catalytic reactivity, remains challenging, as the nanoparticle and support characteristics are interdependent when catalysts are prepared by impregnation. Here, we decoupled both characteristics by using a raspberry-colloid-templating strategy that yields partially embedded PdAu nanoparticles within well-defined SiO or TiO supports, thereby increasing the metal-support interfacial contact compared to nonembedded catalysts that we prepared by attaching the same nanoparticles onto support surfaces. Between nonembedded PdAu/SiO and PdAu/TiO, we identified a support effect resulting in a 1.

tRNA hypomodification facilitates 5-fluorocytosine resistance via cross-pathway control system activation in Aspergillus fumigatus.

Increasing antifungal drug resistance is a major concern associated with human fungal pathogens like Aspergillus fumigatus. Genetic mutation and epimutation mechanisms clearly drive resistance, yet the epitranscriptome remains relatively untested. Here, deletion of the A.

Optimism and pessimism: a concept for behavioural ecology.

Originating from human psychology, the concepts of "optimism" and "pessimism" were transferred to animal welfare science about 20 years ago to study emotional states in non-human animals. Over time, "optimism" and "pessimism" have developed into valuable welfare indicators, but little focus has been put on the ecological implications of this concept. Here, we aim to bridge this gap and underline the great potential for transferring it to behavioural ecology.

Identification of an Outbreak of Bivalve Transmissible Neoplasia in Soft-Shell Clams () in the Puget Sound Using Hemolymph and eDNA Surveys.

Bivalve transmissible neoplasia (BTN) is one of three known types of naturally transmissible cancer-cancers in which the whole cancer cells move from individual to individual, spreading through natural populations. BTN is a lethal leukemia-like cancer that has been observed throughout soft-shell clam () populations on the east coast of North America, with two distinct sublineages circulating at low enzootic levels in New England, USA, and Prince Edward Island, Canada. Major cancer outbreaks likely due to BTN (MarBTN) were reported in 1980s and the 2000s and the disease has been observed since the 1970s, but it has not been observed in populations of this clam species on the US west coast.

Animal research revisited - the case of behavioural studies.

Animal research is a matter of intense public debate, with some people supporting and some opposing it. Drawing from examples of behavioural biology, we argue that such an 'all-or-nothing' debate falls short. We highlight the potential of better science communication and tailored ethics assessments to foster a more nuanced view.

Risk of Adverse Health Outcomes in Patients with Poor Adherence to Cardiovascular Medication Treatment: A Systematic Review.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Medication adherence is an important issue in managing chronic CVD, directly influencing outcomes and healthcare costs.

Objectives: This systematic review, supported by the Brazilian Society of Cardiology, evaluates the impact of poor adherence to cardiovascular medications on critical clinical outcomes such as death and cardiovascular events.

Reconsidering evidence for psychedelic-induced psychosis: an overview of reviews, a systematic review, and meta-analysis of human studies.

Background: Persons with schizophrenia are excluded from psychedelic-assisted therapy due to concerns about the risk of triggering or worsening psychosis. However, there is limited meta-analytic data on the risk of psychedelic-induced psychosis in individuals with pre-existing psychotic disorders.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review, meta-analysis, and overview of reviews to assess the incidence of psychedelic-induced psychosis and symptom exacerbation in schizophrenia.

A dispensable SepIVA orthologue in Streptomyces venezuelae is associated with polar growth and not cell division.

Background: SepIVA has been reported to be an essential septation factor in Mycolicibacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is a coiled-coil protein with similarity to DivIVA, a protein necessary for polar growth in members of the phylum Actinomycetota. Orthologues of SepIVA are broadly distributed among actinomycetes, including in Streptomyces spp.

Parsing heterogeneity in global and local white matter integrity at different stages across the psychosis continuum.

Psychosis progresses along a continuum. While heterogeneity is evident across the continuum, it remains unknown whether this is also reflected in white matter (WM) heterogeneity and whether parsing WM heterogeneity may reveal subgroups with more pronounced clinical features. This analysis included 212 participants consisting of healthy controls (HC, n = 59), individuals with high schizotypy (SPT, n = 27), at-risk mental state (ARMS, n = 35), and patients with first episode psychosis (FEP, n = 50) and schizophrenia (SZ, n = 41).

Influence of aging, morphology and particle size on the behavior of microplastics during magnetic seeded filtration.

Magnetic seeded filtration (MSF) is a solid-liquid separation process based on the formation of hetero-agglomerates between target (non-magnetic) particles and added magnetic particles, followed by magnetic separation. Previous experimental studies reported high separation efficiencies for hydrophobic microplastic particles (MP) and focused mainly on the polymer type. This study investigates the influence of the particle size, morphology and aging on the separation efficiency of different polymer types.

Evaluating the consistency of judgments derived through both in silico and expert application of the Cramer classification scheme.

The Cramer classification scheme has emerged as one of the most extensively-adopted predictive toxicology tools, owing in part to its employment for chemical categorisation within threshold of toxicological concern evaluation. The characteristics of several of its rules have contributed to inconsistencies with respect to degree of hazard attributed to common (particularly food-relevant) substances. This investigation examines these discrepancies, and their origins, raising awareness of such issues amongst users seeking to apply and/or adapt the rule-set.

Insights into Blue Whale ( L.) Population Movements in the Galapagos Archipelago and Southeast Pacific.

The Galapagos Marine Reserve is vital for cetaceans, serving as both a stopover and residency site. However, blue whales, occasionally sighted here, exhibit poorly understood migratory behavior within the Galapagos and the broader Eastern Tropical Pacific. This study, the first to satellite tag blue whales in the Galapagos (16 tagged between 2021 and 2023), explored their behavior in relation to environmental variables like chlorophyll-a concentration, sea surface temperature (SST), and productivity.

QUANTIFICATION OF CAPILLARY BLOOD FLOW SPEEDS IN DIABETIC RETINOPATHY USING VARIABLE INTERSCAN TIME ANALYSIS OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY.

Purpose: To investigate retinal capillary plexus capillary flow speed and vessel density in diabetic retinopathy and normal subjects using variable interscan time analysis optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Methods: High speed swept source OCTA imaging using multiple interscan times was performed over a 5 mm × 5 mm field-of-view with 600 kHz A-scan rate. Second-generation variable interscan time analysis OCTA was used to measure a surrogate marker for capillary blood flow speed, variable interscan time analysis flow speed (VFS), in the superficial and intermediate capillary plexuses VFS , and deep capillary plexus VFS .

The gut microbiota-immune-brain axis in a wild vertebrate: dynamic interactions and health impacts.

The gut microbiota-immune-brain axis is a feedback network which influences diverse physiological processes and plays a pivotal role in overall health and wellbeing. Although research in humans and laboratory mice has shed light into the associations and mechanisms governing this communication network, evidence of such interactions in wild, especially in young animals, is lacking. We therefore investigated these interactions during early development in a population of common buzzards () and their effects on individual condition.