Enhancing multifunctionality in European boreal forests: The potential role of Triad landscape functional zoning.

Land-use policies aim at enhancing the sustainable use of natural resources. The Triad approach has been suggested to balance the social, ecological, and economic demands of forested landscapes. The core idea is to enhance multifunctionality at the landscape level by allocating landscape zones with specific management priorities, i.

The intricate diversity of human-nature relations: Evidence from Finland.

Supporting sustainability requires understanding human-nature relations, which we approached as social constructions that can be studied through nature-related discourses. We examined human-nature relations in Finland by combining approaches from environmental social sciences and arts-based research into a mixed-methods design. A public online survey (n = 726) and post-performance audience interviews (n = 71) portrayed nature positively.

Semi-natural habitats in the European boreal region: Caught in the socio-ecological extinction vortex?

We propose to consider semi-natural habitats-hotspots for biodiversity-being caught in a socio-ecological extinction vortex, similar to the phenomenon described for species threatened with extinction. These habitats are essentially socioecological systems, in which socioeconomic drivers are interlinked with ecological processes. We identify four highly interlinked and mutually reinforcing socio-economic processes, pertaining to the importance of semi-natural habitats for (i) agricultural production, (ii) policy, research and development; (iii) vocational education in the fields of agricultural sciences and (iv) public's experiences with semi-natural habitats.

Innovative treatment modalities for urinary incontinence: a European survey identifying experience and attitude of healthcare providers.

Introduction And Hypothesis: Urinary incontinence is a common condition in women, with a reported prevalence ranging from 25% to 51%. Of these women, an estimated 38% suffer from stress urinary incontinence (SUI). A European research consortium is investigating an innovative system based on information and communication technology for the conservative treatment of women with SUI.

Maternal socioeconomic status and the risk of asthma among offspring.

Background: To evaluate the association between maternal socioeconomic status (SES) during pregnancy and asthma among offspring.

Methods: A retrospective observational hospital-based birth cohort study in a university-based Obstetrics and Gynecology department in Finland. A total of 40 118 women with singleton live births between 1989 and 2007 were linked with data from the register for asthma medication for their offspring (n = 2518).

Outcome of assisted reproductive technology (ART) and subsequent self-reported life satisfaction.

Objective: To compare life satisfaction between women with successful or unsuccessful outcome after assisted reproductive treatment (ART) by taking into account the time since the last ART.

Design: Cohort study.

Setting: Tertiary hospital.

Maternal fecundity and asthma among offspring-is the risk programmed preconceptionally? Retrospective observational study.

Objective: To evaluate the association between maternal fecundity factors and time to pregnancy and risk of asthma in offspring.

Design: Retrospective observational hospital-based birth cohort study.

Setting: A university-based obstetrics and gynecology department.

Do allopatric male Calopteryx virgo damselflies learn species recognition?

There is a growing amount of empirical evidence that premating reproductive isolation of two closely related species can be reinforced by natural selection arising from avoidance of maladaptive hybridization. However, as an alternative for this popular reinforcement theory, it has been suggested that learning to prefer conspecifics or to discriminate heterospecifics could cause a similar pattern of reinforced premating isolation, but this possibility is much less studied. Here, we report results of a field experiment in which we examined (i) whether allopatric Calopteryx virgo damselfly males that have not encountered heterospecific females of the congener C.

Adverse Outcomes of IVF/ICSI Pregnancies Vary Depending on Aetiology of Infertility.

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a risk factor for pregnancy, but there have been few studies on the effect of infertility's aetiology. Thus, we have assessed the role of aetiology on IVF pregnancy outcomes in a retrospective cohort study comparing the outcomes of IVF singleton pregnancies with those of spontaneous pregnancies in the general Finnish population. The study group consisted of 255 women with births resulting from singleton IVF pregnancies.

Intravenous oxycodone for pain relief in the first stage of labour--maternal pharmacokinetics and neonatal exposure.

Physiological changes during pregnancy may change pharmacokinetics of compounds. Oxycodone is an increasingly used opioid agonist in acute pain management but its pharmacokinetics in labouring women has not been established. We studied the maternal pharmacokinetics and neonatal exposure of intravenous oxycodone for pain relief in the first stage of labour.

Comparison of the pregnancy outcomes of subfertile women after infertility treatment and in naturally conceived pregnancies.

Background: Adverse obstetric outcomes in pregnancies achieved through assisted reproductive technology (ART) could either be due to the technology or to the underlying subfertility or to both. To address this issue, we compared the pregnancy outcomes of singletons conceived naturally after a long time to pregnancy (TTP) with those of ART pregnancies.

Methods: We analysed an existing birth database.

Decreased PAPP-A is associated with preeclampsia, premature delivery and small for gestational age infants but not with placental abruption.

Objective: To investigate links between first trimester Down's syndrome screening markers and adverse pregnancy outcomes; preeclampsia (PE), small for gestational age (SGA), preterm delivery (PD) and placental abruption (PA) in spontaneous, chromosomally normal pregnancies.

Study Design: Cohort study in a university hospital. Data during pregnancy were routinely collected from a total study population of 2844 pregnant women between 2005 and 2007.

Prolonged time to pregnancy is associated with a greater risk of adverse outcomes.

Births with known time to pregnancy (TTP) during the period 1989-2007 (n=17,114) were analyzed to investigate associations between TTP and pregnancy outcome among couples that conceived spontaneously. The adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for poor neonatal health, including low Apgar score, low umbilical vein pH, and need for neonatal intensive care, was 1.51 (1.

Increased time-to-pregnancy and first trimester Down's syndrome screening.

Background: Time-to-pregnancy (TTP) is a clinical tool used to measure uterine receptivity and a couples' fertility in spontaneously conceived pregnancies. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of TTP on first trimester Down's syndrome (DS) markers in spontaneous, chromosomally normal pregnancies and to compare the results to those in IVF pregnancies.

Methods: A case-control study was conducted amongst patients attending a university hospital in Finland.

Under-attending free antenatal care is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Background: Most pertinent studies of inadequate antenatal care concentrate on the risk profile of women booking late or not booking at all to antenatal care. The objective of this study was to assess the outcome of pregnancies when free and easily accessible antenatal care has been either totally lacking or low in number of visits.

Methods: This is a hospital register based cohort study of pregnancies treated in Kuopio University Hospital, Finland, in 1989 - 2001.

Smoking in early gestation or through pregnancy: a decision crucial to pregnancy outcome.

Objective: To assess maternal risk profile and pregnancy outcome of women who continued to smoke, reduced smoking to less than five cigarettes per day or did not smoke during pregnancy.

Methods: We analyzed a population-based database of 26,414 singleton pregnancies from 1989 to 2001. Odds ratios (ORs) for adverse pregnancy outcomes were obtained from multiple logistic regression models.

Obstetric outcome in post-term pregnancies: time for reappraisal in clinical management.

Background: The objective of this study was to determine the outcome of pregnancy in post-term cases compared with term cases in a well defined population receiving modern obstetric care.

Methods: We utilized the population-based birth registry data of the Kuopio University Hospital (1990-2000) to investigate pregnancy outcome in 1,678 post-term singleton pregnancies. The general obstetric population (n=22,712) was used as a reference group in logistic regression analysis.

Induced abortion: not an independent risk factor for pregnancy outcome, but a challenge for health counseling.

Purpose: Low birth weight (LBW), preterm births, abnormal placentation, and miscarriages have been associated with prior induced abortions. An incidence-related effect has been suggested. The objective of this study is to assess the effects of prior induced abortions on obstetric risk factors and pregnancy outcome in conditions of free high-standard maternity care used by almost the entire pregnant population in Finland.

Fetal macrosomia--a continuing obstetric challenge.

Background: Macrosomic fetuses represent a continuing challenge in obstetrics.

Objectives: We studied maternal risk factors of fetal macrosomia and maternal and infant outcome in such cases.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was carried out with a total of 26,961 singleton pregnancies between 1989 and 2001.

Does unemployment in family affect pregnancy outcome in conditions of high quality maternity care?

Background: The influence of unemployment in the family on pregnancy outcome is controversial. Only a few studies have involved investigation of the effect of unemployment of the father on pregnancy. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of unemployment of one or both parents on obstetric outcome in conditions of free antenatal care attended by the entire pregnant population.

Transition from overweight to obesity worsens pregnancy outcome in a BMI-dependent manner.

Objective: To assess pregnancy outcomes in different BMI groups.

Research Methods And Procedures: We analyzed 25,601 singleton pregnancies from January 1989 to December 2001. Overweight women (prepregnancy BMI = 26 to 29 kg/m2) represented 13.

Marriage still protects pregnancy.

Objective: To assess the risk factors and outcome of pregnancy outside marriage in the 1990s, in conditions of a high percentage of extramarital pregnancies and high standard maternity care, used by the entire pregnant population.

Design: Hospital-based cohort study.

Setting: A university-teaching hospital in Finland.

Good outcome of teenage pregnancies in high-quality maternity care.

Background: Teenage pregnancies have been associated with fetal growth restriction, low birth weight, preterm birth and neonatal mortality. These could be due to biological immaturity, lifestyle factors or inadequate attendance to maternity care. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between young age of the mother and pregnancy risk factors and adverse pregnancy outcome in conditions of high-quality maternity care used by almost the entire pregnant population.