Two-Dimensional Layered Nano-MoS Induces Earthworm Immune Cell Apoptosis by Regulating Lysosomal Maintenance and Function: Toward Unbiased Screening and Validation of Suspicious Pathways.

Molybdenum-based nanosheets (NSMoS) are increasingly applied in various fields and undergoing relevant risk evaluations on subjectively hypothesized toxicity pathways. However, risk assessment should be unbiased and focus on appropriate end points to avoid biased prescreening. Here, we developed an adverse biological outcome screening strategy based on nontargeted functional protein profiles in earthworm () immune cells exposed to NSMoS and their ionic counterpart (NaMoO).

Earthworm Coelomocyte Internalization of MoS Nanosheets: Multiplexed Imaging, Molecular Profiling, and Computational Modeling.

Fully understanding the cellular uptake and intracellular localization of MoS nanosheets (NSMoS) is a prerequisite for their safe applications. Here, we characterized the uptake profile of NSMoS by functional coelomocytes of the earthworm . Considering that vacancy engineering is widely applied to enhance the NSMoS performance, we assessed the potential role of such atomic vacancies in regulating cellular uptake processes.

Molecular interaction mechanisms and cellular response of superoxide dismutase and catalase to fluoranthene.

As an important raw material and intermediate product of the petrochemical industry, fluoranthene (Fla) can be emitted with industrial activities and has become a typical polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon enriched in the Chinese topsoil layer, posing a significant threat to sensitive soil biota. Here, multispectral tools and molecular simulation techniques were integrated to elucidate the molecular mechanism of Fla interaction with key antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) at the molecular level. Meanwhile, we further revealed the cellular responses of SOD and CAT and the associated redox states in earthworm (Eisenia fetida) coelomocytes based on the molecular-level results.

Efflux transport proteins of Tetrahymena thermophila play important roles in resistance to perfluorooctane sulfonate exposure.

The biotoxicity of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) has been a concern. However, the effects of PFOS on Tetrahymena thermophila, a unicellular model organism, remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the toxicity and detoxification mechanism of PFOS in this protozoan.

Coupled Lipidomics and Digital Pathology as an Effective Strategy to Identify Novel Adverse Outcome Pathways in Exposed to MoS Nanosheets and Ionic Mo.

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS) nanosheets are increasingly applied in several fields, but effective and accurate strategies to fully characterize potential risks to soil ecosystems are lacking. We introduce a coelomocyte-based exposure strategy to identify novel adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) and molecular endpoints from nontransformed (NTMoS) and ultraviolet-transformed (UTMoS) MoS nanosheets (10 and 100 mg Mo/L) on the earthworm using nontargeted lipidomics integrated with transcriptomics. Machine learning-based digital pathology analysis coupled with phenotypic monitoring was further used to establish the correlation between lipid profiling and whole organism effects.

A glycosylation signature for predicting the progression and immunotherapeutic response of prostate cancer.

Background: Glycosylation has been proposed as a new cancer hallmark. However, focusing on specific glycans or glycoproteins may lose much data relevant to glycosylation alterations. The present study aimed to first comprehensively investigate the expression and mutation profiles of glycosylation-related genes (GRgenes) in prostate cancer (PCa) and then develop a glycosylation signature and explore its role in predicting the progression and immunotherapeutic response of PCa.

XBP1 modulates endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria crosstalk via regulating NLRP3 in renal ischemia/reperfusion injury.

The functional status of mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum are central to renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) is an important transcription factor in endoplasmic reticulum stress. NLR family pyrin domain containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammatory bodies are closely related to renal IRI.

Surface Defects Regulate the Bioenergetic Response of Earthworm Coelomocytes to Molybdenum Disulfide Nanosheets.

Two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide (2D MoS) nanomaterials are seeing increased use in several areas, and this will lead to their inevitable release into soils. Surface defects can occur on MoS nanosheets during synthesis or during environmental aging processes. The mechanisms of MoS nanosheet toxicity to soil invertebrates and the role of surface defects in that toxicity have not been fully elucidated.

Prevention of alloimmune rejection using XBP1-deleted bone marrow-derived dendritic cells in heart transplantation.

Background: Genetically modified dendritic cells (DCs) modulate the alloimmunity of T lymphocytes by regulating antigen presentation.

Methods: We generated mice with specific deletion of the X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1) allele in bone marrow cells and cultured bone marrow-derived DCs (Xbp1 BMDCs) from these animals. We then tested the phenotype of Xbp1 BMDCs, evaluated their capability to activate allogeneic T cells and investigated their mechanistic actions.

Methyl eugenol protects the kidney from oxidative damage in mice by blocking the Nrf2 nuclear export signal through activation of the AMPK/GSK3β axis.

Disrupted redox homeostasis contributes to renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Abundant natural products can activate nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), thereby providing therapeutic benefits. Methyl eugenol (ME), an analog of the phenolic compound eugenol, has the ability to induce Nrf2 activity.

Discriminating malignant from benign testicular masses using machine-learning based radiomics signature of appearance diffusion coefficient maps: Comparing with conventional mean and minimum ADC values.

Purpose: To develop a machine-learning-based radiomics signature of ADC for discriminating between benign and malignant testicular masses and compare its classification performance with that of minimum and mean ADC.

Methods: A total of ninety-seven patients with 101 histopathologically confirmed testicular masses (70 malignancies, 31 benignities) were evaluated in this retrospective study. Eight hundred fifty-one radiomics features were extracted from the preoperative ADC map of each lesion.

[Effect of methyl eugenol on hypoxia/reoxygenation injury of human renal tubular epithelial cells and its mechanism].

This study aimed to investigate the effect of methyl eugenol(ME) on hypoxia/reoxygenation(H/R)-induced injury of human renal tubular epithelial HK-2 cells and its mechanism. The viability of HK-2 cells cultured with different concentrations of ME and exposed to H/R was detected by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8) assay. The effect of ME on the morphology of HK-2 cells was observed under an inverted microscope.

Organism and molecular-level responses of superoxide dismutase interaction with 2-pentanone.

2-Pentanone is an excellent organic solvent and extractant, which is widely used in industrial production. 2-Pentanone is harmful to soil organisms when it enters the soil. However, current studies have not clarified the response of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) to 2-Pentanone and its mechanism.

Methyl eugenol attenuates liver ischemia reperfusion injury via activating PI3K/Akt signaling.

Background: Liver ischemia reperfusion injury (LIRI) often occurs during liver transplantation, resection, and various circulatory shock procedures, leading to severe metabolic disorders, inflammatory immune responses, oxidative stress injury, and cell apoptosis. Methyl eugenol (ME) is structurally similar to eugenol and has anti-inflammatory and apoptotic pharmacological effects. However, whether ME protects the liver from LIRI damage requires further investigation.

Toxic effects of acetone, 2-pentanone, and 2-hexanone on physiological indices of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germination and seedlings.

Petroleum hydrocarbons are important characteristic pollutants in the process of oil exploitation in the Yellow River Delta (China), and they cause a potential hazard to the surrounding ecological environment. The research on eco-toxicological effects of petroleum-derived products still needs to be studied in depth. This paper describes the physiological indices of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.

Downregulation of XBP1 protects kidney against ischemia-reperfusion injury via suppressing HRD1-mediated NRF2 ubiquitylation.

Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury to the renal epithelia is associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and mitochondria dysfunction, which lead to oxidative stress-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1), an ERS response protein, could play a prominent role in IR-induced AKI. In this study, we revealed that XBP1 and its downstream target HRD1 participated in the crosstalk between ERS and mitochondrial dysfunction via regulation of NRF2/HO-1-mediated reactive oxidative stress (ROS) signaling.

A review of human and animals exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Health risk and adverse effects, photo-induced toxicity and regulating effect of microplastics.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are one of the most widely distributed persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the environmental media. PAHs have been widely concerned due to their significant health risk and adverse effects to human and animals. Currently, the main sources of PAHs in the environment are the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, as well as municipal waste incineration and agricultural non-surface source emissions.

An exploration of the interaction mechanism of Direct Red 80 with α-Amylase at the molecular level.

The use and production of Direct Red 80 (DR80) dye are growing rapidly, and a large amount of dye wastewater is discharged into the soil without treatment. DR80 accumulated in soil or sludge can lead to enzyme poisoning, inhibit microbial activity, and affect the transformation of substances in the soil. In this research, the interaction mechanism between DR80 and α-Amylase (a typical enzyme in soil and sludge) was investigated by multi-spectra, molecular docking, thermodynamics analysis and enzyme activity experiment.

Anthracene-induced DNA damage and oxidative stress: a combined study at molecular and cellular levels.

At present, research progress of anthracene's toxicity lags far behind the pollution caused on its application fields such as petroleum and minerals. In this paper, anthracene-induced oxidative stress effects and genetic toxicity were investigated at both the molecular and cellular levels. The intracellular oxidative stress effect of anthracene on earthworm primary coelomocyte was confirmed by the detection of reactive oxygen species, antioxidant enzymes activity, and malondialdehyde content.

Toxicity assessment of Fluoranthene, Benz(a)anthracene and its mixed pollution in soil: Studies at the molecular and animal levels.

An increasing amount of Fluoranthene (Fla) and Benz(a)anthracene (BaA) is being produced and used, eventually entering the soil sediments. The accumulation of Fla and BaA will cause poisoning to typical enzymes (α-Amylase) and organisms (Eisenia fetida) in soil. However, the studies about exploring and comparing the different effects of Fla, BaA and their joint effect at different levels are rarely reported.