Organic manure rather than chemical fertilization improved dark CO fixation by regulating associated microbial functional traits in upland red soils.

Dark microbial fixation of CO is an indispensable process for soil carbon sequestration. However, the whole genetic information involved in dark CO fixation and its influence on dark CO fixation rates under diversified fertilization regimes were largely unclear. Here, revealed by C-CO labeling, dark CO fixation rates in upland red soils ranged from 0.

Contrasting effects of iron oxides on soil organic carbon accumulation in paddy and upland fields under long-term fertilization.

Active iron oxides, especially poorly crystalline forms, benefit soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation via directly bounding and indirectly promoting aggregation. However, it remains unclear on the impacts of active iron oxides on SOC accumulation in paddy and upland soils under long-term fertilization regimes. Here, we attempted to clarify the underlying mechanisms of amorphous (Fe) and organically complexed (Fe) iron oxides mediating SOC accumulation in paddy and upland soils based on two long-term fertilization experiments (both including no fertilization [CK]; chemical nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium [NPK] and NPK plus manure [NPKM] treatments).

Maize functional requirements drive the selection of rhizobacteria under long-term fertilization practices.

Rhizosphere microbiomes are pivotal for crop fitness, but the principles underlying microbial assembly during root-soil interactions across soils with different nutrient statuses remain elusive. We examined the microbiomes in the rhizosphere and bulk soils of maize plants grown under six long-term (≥ 29 yr) fertilization experiments in three soil types across middle temperate to subtropical zones. The assembly of rhizosphere microbial communities was primarily driven by deterministic processes.

Optimizing potassium and nitrogen fertilizer strategies to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions in global agroecosystems.

The efficient management of fertilizer application in agriculture is vital for both food security and mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, as potassium fertilizer (KF) is an essential soil nutrient, its impact on soil GHG emissions has received little attention. To address this knowledge gap and identify key determinants of GHG emissions, we conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of 205 independent experiments conducted worldwide.

nirS and nosZII bacterial denitrifiers as well as fungal denitrifiers are coupled with NO emissions in long-term fertilized soils.

Fertilizer application plays a critical role in soil fertility and crop yield and has been reported to significantly affect soil denitrification. However, the mechanisms by which denitrifying bacteria (nirK, nirS, nosZI, and nosZII) and fungi (nirK and p450nor) affect soil denitrification are poorly understood. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effect of different fertilization treatments on the abundance, community structure, and function of soil denitrifying microorganisms in an agricultural ecosystem with long-term fertilization using mineral fertilizer or manure and their combination.

A highly conserved core bacterial microbiota with nitrogen-fixation capacity inhabits the xylem sap in maize plants.

Microbiomes are important for crop performance. However, a deeper knowledge of crop-associated microbial communities is needed to harness beneficial host-microbe interactions. Here, by assessing the assembly and functions of maize microbiomes across soil types, climate zones, and genotypes, we found that the stem xylem selectively recruits highly conserved microbes dominated by Gammaproteobacteria.

Differences in total stored C and N in dryland red soil caused by different long-term fertilization practices.

Fertilizer application is important to achieve sustainable agriculture. However, it remains unclear about the effects of long term fertilization on C and N immobilization as well as C/N ratios in soil aggregates at different depths. Samples taken at depths of 0 to 40 cm from dryland red soil subjected to long-term fertilization were analyzed.

The response of potato tuber yield, nitrogen uptake, soil nitrate nitrogen to different nitrogen rates in red soil.

Nutrient-deficient red soil found in the southern region of China is increasingly being used for potato crops to meet the demand for this staple food. The application of nitrogen fertilizer is necessary to support the production of higher tuber yields; however, the links between nitrate nitrogen and the nitrogen balance in red soil are unknown. A field experiment was conducted in Jiangxi Province in 2017 and 2018 to determine the effects of different nitrogen application rates, 0 kg ha (N0), 60 kg ha (N60), 120 kg ha (N120), 150 kg ha (N150), 180 kg ha (N180), 210 kg ha (N210), and 240 kg ha (N240, the highest rate used by local farmers), on potatoes growing in red soil.

Soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry drives phosphorus lability in paddy soil under long-term fertilization: A fractionation and path analysis study.

Soil C:N:P stoichiometry plays a vital role in nutrient cycling in ecosystems, but its importance to P transformation in paddy soil remains unclear. We investigated the effect of soil C:N:P stoichiometry on P mobility and uptake under long-term fertilization. Three treatments, CK (no fertilization), NPK (inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization) and NPKM (combined inorganic NPK fertilizer and manure application), were selected from two long-term experiments of paddy soil that were initiated in 1991 and 1982 in Chongqing and Suining, respectively.

Evaluation of grain yield based on digital images of rice canopy.

Background: Rice canopy changes are associated with changes in the red light (R), green light (G), and blue light (B) value parameters of digital images. To rapidly diagnose the responses of rice to nitrogen (N) fertilizer application and planting density, a simple model based on digital images was developed for predicting and evaluating rice yield.

Results: N application rate and planting density had significant effects on rice yield.

Relative contribution of maize and external manure amendment to soil carbon sequestration in a long-term intensive maize cropping system.

We aimed to quantify the relative contributions of plant residue and organic manure to soil carbon sequestration. Using a 27-year-long inorganic fertilizer and manure amendment experiment in a maize (Zea mays L.) double-cropping system, we quantified changes in harvestable maize biomass and soil organic carbon stocks (0-20 cm depth) between 1986-2012.