Discovery of Tropolone Stipitaldehyde as a Potential Agent for Controlling Phytophthora Blight and Its Action Mechanism Research.

The fermentation of endophytic GGY-3 resulted in the isolation of tropolone stipitaldehyde (), which exhibited broad-spectrum inhibition activity against fungi and bacteria, especially against , with an EC value of 0.83 μg/mL and pv. , with a minimum inhibitory concentration value of 4.

Novel metabolites from the Cercis chinensis derived endophytic fungus Alternaria alternata ZHJG5 and their antibacterial activities.

Background: Phytopathogenic bacteria, such as Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs), seriously threaten crop production and are the cause of enormous yield losses. Endophytic fungi are abundant sources of bioactive metabolites that may be potential candidates in the development of new agrochemicals.

Enantiomeric Dibenzo-α-Pyrone Derivatives from ZHJG5 and Their Potential as Agrochemicals.

Three pairs of enantiomeric dibenzo-α-pyrone derivatives (-) including two pairs of new racemates (±)-alternaone A () and (±)-alternaone B () and one new enantiomer (-)-alternatiol (), together with five known compounds (-) were isolated from the fungus ZHJG5. Their structures were confirmed by spectroscopic data and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. All enantiomers were separated via chiral high-performance liquid chromatography, with their configurations determined by electronic circular dichroism calculation.

Antifungal meroterpenes and dioxolanone derivatives from plant-associated endophytic fungus Phyllosticta sp. WGHL2.

Four new meroterpenes named as guignardones U-X (1-4), along with eleven known meroterpenes (5-15) and three known dioxolanone derivatives (16-18), were obtained from the endophytic fungus Phyllosticta sp. WGHL2. The structural elucidation was conducted by HRESIMS, NMR, single crystal X-ray diffraction, along with ECD calculations and comparison.

Discovery of Natural FabH Inhibitors Using an Immobilized Enzyme Column and Their Antibacterial Activity against pv. .

β-Ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase III (KAS III, FabH) is essential for bacterial fatty acid biosynthesis. Recent studies indicate that FabH can be a potential target for bactericide development. In the present study, an immobilized FabH column was developed and used to screen FabH inhibitors from complex natural product extracts.

Topical Coenzyme Q10 demonstrates mitochondrial-mediated neuroprotection in a rodent model of ocular hypertension.

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant with known neuroprotective activity. Its ocular effects when co-solubilised with α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) were evaluated. In vitro studies confirmed that CoQ10 was significantly protective in different retinal ganglion cell (RGC) models.

Non-amyloidogenic effects of α2 adrenergic agonists: implications for brimonidine-mediated neuroprotection.

The amyloid beta (Aβ) pathway is strongly implicated in neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and more recently, glaucoma. Here, we identify the α2 adrenergic receptor agonists (α2ARA) used to lower intraocular pressure can prevent retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death via the non-amyloidogenic Aβ-pathway. Neuroprotective effects were confirmed in vivo and in vitro in different glaucoma-related models using α2ARAs brimonidine (BMD), clonidine (Clo) and dexmedetomidine.

Current perspective of neuroprotection and glaucoma.

Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide and is most notably characterized by progressive optic nerve atrophy and advancing loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). The main concomitant factor is the elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Existing treatments are focused generally on lowering IOP.

S100A4 gene silencing in oxygen-induced ischemic retinopathy inhibits retinal neovascularization via down-regulation of CREB expression.

Purpose: To investigate the possible role of S100A4 in retinal neovascularization (RNV), as well as the underlying mechanism, in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR).

Methods: Retinas used in the experiments were obtained from a mouse model of OIR with and without treatment by intravitreal injection of adnoviral-S100A4-RNAi or adenoviral-green fluorescent protein at postnatal day 12 (P12). At P17, the efficacy of adenoviral gene transfer was assessed with fluorescence microscopy.