Oral probiotic extracellular vesicle therapy mitigates Influenza A Virus infection via blunting IL-17 signaling.

The influenza A virus (IAV) damages intestinal mucosal tissues beyond the respiratory tract. Probiotics play a crucial role in maintaining the balance and stability of the intestinal microecosystem. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from probiotics have emerged as potential mediators of host immune response and anti-inflammatory effect.

A decavalent composite mRNA vaccine against both influenza and COVID-19.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has had a persistent and significant impact on global public health for 4 years. Recently, there has been a resurgence of seasonal influenza transmission worldwide. The co-circulation of SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal influenza viruses results in a dual burden on communities.

Seroprevalence of Avian Influenza A(H5N6) Virus Infection, Guangdong Province, China, 2022.

In 2022, we assessed avian influenza A virus subtype H5N6 seroprevalence among the general population in Guangdong Province, China, amid rising numbers of human infections. Among the tested samples, we found 1 to be seropositive, suggesting that the virus poses a low but present risk to the general population.

Baloxavir marboxil use for critical human infection of avian influenza A H5N6 virus.

Background: Recent outbreaks of avian influenza and ongoing virus reassortment have drawn focus on spill-over infections. The increase in human infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N6 virus and its high fatality rate posed a potential threat, necessitating the search for a more effective treatment.

Methods: Longitudinal clinical data and specimens were collected from five H5N6 patients after admission.

Transcriptome analysis reveals the impact of NETs activation on airway epithelial cell EMT and inflammation in bronchiolitis obliterans.

Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) is a chronic airway disease that was often indicated by the pathological presentation of narrowed and irreversible airways. However, the molecular mechanisms of BO pathogenesis remain unknown. Although neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) can contribute to inflammatory disorders, their involvement in BO is unclear.

Coinfection with influenza virus and non-typeable aggregates inflammatory lung injury and alters gut microbiota in COPD mice.

Background: Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) is associated with high mortality rates. Viral and bacterial coinfection is the primary cause of AECOPD. How coinfection with these microbes influences host inflammatory response and the gut microbiota composition is not entirely understood.

How fast and how well the Omicron epidemic was curtailed. A Guangzhou experience to share.

Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 has ravaged the world and undergone multiple mutations during the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. On 7 April 2022, an epidemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (BA.2) variant broke out in Guangzhou, China, one of the largest transportation and logistical hubs of the country.

A juvenile murine model with chronic lung inflammation induced by repeated intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharides: a versatile and replicable model.

Background: Recurrent lower respiratory tract infection or chronic pulmonary infection often occur in children with chronic lung diseases (CLDs). By continuous lung inflammation, recurrent and chronic infection could cause irreversible airway structural and lung function damage, which eventually leads to respiratory failure and death.

Methods: In purpose of recapitulating persistent high-intensity lung inflammation caused by recurrent lower respiratory tract infection or chronic infection, we established a juvenile murine model with chronic lung inflammation induced by repeated intratracheal instillations of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from once a week for 4 weeks.

Crucial control measures to contain China's first Delta variant outbreak.

The SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.

B-lymphocyte deficiency and recurrent respiratory infections in a 6-month-old female infant with mosaic monosomy 7.

Monosomy 7 is generally considered as an acquired cytogenetic abnormality within hematopoietic cells, and indicates an especially high risk of progression to bone marrow failure, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML). We report a case of a 6-month-old female infant with mosaic monosomy 7 who presented with clinical and laboratory evidences of immunodeficiency. The patient had suffered from recurrent respiratory infections since she was born.