Interfacial Field-Effect Enabling High-Performance Perovskite Photovoltaics.

Currently, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is still limited by reduced open-circuit voltage (V), due to defect-induced charge recombination. Most studies focus on defect passivation and improving carrier transport through introducing passivating molecules or macroscopic physical fields. Herein, to mitigate energy level mismatch and recombination losses induced by interface defects, an interface electric-field passivation is introduced, employing the ordered arrangement of the dipole molecule benzenesulfonyl chloride (BC).

Diagnostic Accuracy of Dynamic High-Resolution Ultrasonography in Assessing Anterior Disc Displacement in Temporomandibular Joint Disorders: A Prospective Observational Study.

The objective of this study was to assess the diagnostic efficacy of dynamic high-resolution ultrasonography (HRUS) in detecting anterior disc displacement with reduction (ADDWR) and anterior disc displacement without reduction (ADDWoR) in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). A total of 144 TMJs was categorized into three groups according to the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, which served as the reference standard: the normal disc position (NDP) group, the ADDWR group, and the ADDWoR group. Static images of the TMJ in full opening and maximum intercuspal positions, along with dynamic sequences during jaw opening, were obtained utilizing a 14 MHz L-shaped linear array transducer.

Exploring the complexities of cleidocranial dysplasia: Dental anomalies and treatment interventions.

Introduction: Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a genetic disorder characterized by distinctive oral manifestations, making dental anomalies a key diagnostic criterion and treatment focus.

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 32 patients diagnosed with CCD with detailed dental records (19 males and 13 females; mean age, 20.5 years).

Methylthio Substituent in SAM Constructing Regulatory Bridge with Photovoltaic Perovskites.

Inverted (p-i-n) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have experienced remarkable advancements in recent years, which is largely attributed to the development of novel hole-transport layer (HTL) self-assembled monolayer (SAM) materials. Methoxy (MeO-) groups are typically introduced into SAM materials to enhance their wettability and effectively passivate the perovskite buried interface. However, MeO-based SAM materials exhibit a mismatch in highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) levels with perovskite layer due to the strong electron-donating capability of methoxy group.

Electrode informatics accelerated the optimization of key catalyst layer parameters in direct methanol fuel cells.

As the core component of direct methanol fuel cells, the catalyst layer plays the key role as a species, proton and electron transport channel. However, due to the complexity of the system, optimizing its performance involves a large number of experiments and high costs. In this study, finite element simulation combined with machine learning model was constructed to accelerate power density prediction and evaluate the influence of catalyst layer parameters on the maximum power density of direct methanol fuel cells.

Screening Fluorination Additives for Efficient Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes.

Fluorinated additives are proposed to address the issue of domain polydispersity in quasi-2D perovskites. However, the lack of established screening criteria for these additives necessitates a laborious and costly trial-and-error process. Herein, this work explores the behind nature for the first time how various fluorination in fluorinated additives affect domain distribution in quasi-2D perovskites.

Basic-Functionalized Ionic Porous Organic Polymers: Triple Roles in One for Highly Efficient and Recyclable Carboxylative Cyclization of CO under Mild Conditions.

The transformation of carbon dioxide (CO) into high-value chemicals is a significant step towards achieving the goal of "carbon neutrality". α-methylene cyclic carbonate, as an intermediate for the synthesis of many important organic compounds, is widely employed in industrial productions. In this work, a series of ionic porous organic polymers (IPOPs) with different basic-functionalized anions were successfully synthesized and adjusted to have certain BET surface areas and high contents of ion sites by post-modification.

Photoluminescence properties of two-dimensional semiconductor heterointerfaces.

Two-dimensional metal-sulfur compounds have attracted much attention due to their novel physical properties, such as layered structure, ultrathin physical dimensions, and continuously tunable bandgap. The vertical stacking of different 2D semiconductors enables the heterojunction to retain the excellent properties of its constituent materials and has physical properties such as interlayer energy transfer and interlayer carrier transfer. In this paper, we utilize the carrier interlayer transfer properties of p-n heterojunctions and form heterojunctions using p-type Te and PdSe prepared with n-type monolayer WS using the microzone transfer technique.

Coordination-Driven in Situ Grown Copper Peroxide in Mesoporous Dopamine with Self-Supplied HO for Synergistic Enhanced PTT/CDT Antibacterial Treatment and Wound Healing.

As antibiotic resistance increases, alternative antimicrobial methods become essential. Chemical dynamics therapy (CDT) utilizing copper peroxide (CuO) nanodots shows significant potential in antibacterial applications due to its ability to self-supply hydrogen peroxide (HO) on its own. This characteristic effectively addresses the challenges of low HO levels and high glutathione (GSH) expression in the bacterial infection microenvironment.

Lycium barbarum oligosaccharide-derived carbon quantum dots inhibit glial scar formation while promoting neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells.

Overexpression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in activated astrocytes following spinal cord injury is closely associated with glial scar formation, which harms axonal regrowth. In this study, we prepared ultrasmall cationic carbon quantum dots (CQDs) via one-step hydrothermal carbonization. Lycium barbarum oligosaccharides were used as the carbon source for the first time, and polyetherimide (PEI) and ethylenediamine (ED) were used as cationic reagents.

Removal of Residual Additive Enabling Perfect Crystallization of Photovoltaic Perovskites.

Achieving high-efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs) hinges on the precise control of the perovskite film crystallization process, often improved by the inclusion of additives. While dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is traditionally used to manage this process, its removal from the films is problematic. In this work, methyl phenyl sulfoxide (MPSO) was employed instead of DMSO to slow the crystallization rate, as MPSO is more easily removed from the perovskite structure.

Design and Optimization of Nanoporous Materials as Catalysts for Oxygen Evolution Reaction-A Review.

With the growing demand for new energy sources, electrochemical water splitting for hydrogen production is a technology that must be vigorously promoted. Therefore, to improve the efficiency of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the anode, high-performance OER catalysts are essential. Given their advantages in electrocatalysis, nanoporous materials have garnered considerable attention in previous studies for OER applications.

Flexible, shape-editable wood-based functional materials with acetal linkages.

A flexible, shape-editable transparent wood (ATW) composite containing acetal linkages was prepared simultaneously through free radical polymerization and addition reaction between vinyl ether bonds and hydroxyl groups. In this system, the anisotropic hierarchical structure of wood acted as a reinforced skeleton, the flexible chain segment ensured flexibility at room temperature, and the dynamic acetal bonds were responsible for the shape memory and editability under relatively mild conditions, verifying the expanding applications of functionalized wood-based materials.

Dual-Stage Reduction Strategy of Tin Perovskite Enables High Performance Photovoltaics.

The rapid oxidation of Sn in tin-based perovskite solar cells (TPSCs) restricts their efficiency and stability have been main bottleneck towards further development. This study developed a novel strategy which utilizes thiosulfate ions (SO ) in the precursor solution to enable a dual-stage reduction process. In the solution stage, thiosulfate acted as an efficacious reducing agent to reduce Sn to Sn, meanwhile, its oxidation products were able to reduce I to I during the film stage.

Prehospital Pandemic Respiratory Infection Emergency System Triage score can effectively predict the 30-day mortality of COVID-19 patients with pneumonia.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with pneumonia should receive the guidance of initial risk stratification and early warning as soon as possible. Whether the prehospital Pandemic Respiratory Infection Emergency System Triage (PRIEST) score can accurately predict the short-term prognosis of them remains unknown. Accordingly, we aimed to assess the performance of prehospital PRIEST in predicting the 30-day mortality of patients.

Targeting the GTPase RAN by liposome delivery for tackling cancer stemness-emanated therapeutic resistance.

Cancer therapeutic resistance as a common hallmark of cancer is often responsible for treatment failure and poor patient survival. Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) are one of the main contributors to therapeutic resistance, cancer relapse and metastasis. Through screening from our in-house library of natural products, we found polyphyllin II (PPII) as a potent anti-CSC compound for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).

Qianggu concentrate: unlocking bone protection power via antioxidative SIRT1/NRF2/HO-1 pathways in type 2 diabetic osteoporosis.

Background: Qianggu Concentrate (QGHJ), a traditional Chinese medicine, is extensively used to treat Type 2 Diabetic Osteoporosis (T2DOP). Despite its widespread use, research on its therapeutic mechanisms within T2DOP is notably scarce.

Objective: To explore QGHJ's osteoprotection in T2DOP rats and BMSCs, focusing on the antioxidant activation of SIRT1/NRF2/HO-1 and NRF2 nuclear migration.

Application of the semidiving technique in fully endoscopic microvascular decompression.

Microvascular decompression (MVD) is the preferred treatment for hemifacial spasm (HFS) and trigeminal neuralgia (TN), and fully endoscopic microvascular decompression (E-MVD) has been widely discussed in recent years. Considering the endoscopic diving technique used in endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma resection, we developed the endoscopic semidiving technique. This technique involves preserving some cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and positioning the endoscope at an appropriate distance from it; the potential advantages include reducing cerebellar retraction, accurately identifying the responsible vessels and minimizing mechanical damage.

Centimeter-Scale Assembly of Fractal Organic Crystals with Crisscross Structures for Flexible Photosynapses.

Fractal assembly technology enables scalable construction of organic crystal patterns for emerging nanoelectronics and optoelectronics. Here, a polymer-templating assembly strategy is presented for centimeter-scale patterned growth of fractal organic crystals (FOCs). These structures are formed by drop-coating perylene solution directly onto a gelatin-modified surface, resulting in the formation of crisscross fractal patterns.