Design, Development, and Validation of a First, Low-cost, Three-dimensional (3D) Printed Optical Urethrotomy Simulation Model.

Objective: To develop and validate a low-cost, portable, and reusable simulation model for optical internal urethrotomy (OIU) training.

Methods: A 3D-printed low-cost simulation model for OIU was designed locally and the final model was evaluated by trainees and trainers at the urology boot camps (UK, Belgium, Portugal, Poland). Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire, using a 6-item 5-point Likert Scale, to assess the model's anatomic realism.

Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Minimally Invasive Procedures for Surgical Inguinal Nodal Staging in Penile Carcinoma.

Context: There are several procedures for surgical nodal staging in clinically node-negative (cN0) penile carcinoma.

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy, perioperative outcomes, and complications of minimally invasive surgical procedures for nodal staging in penile carcinoma.

Evidence Acquisition: A systematic review of the Medline, Embase, and Cochrane controlled trials databases and ClinicalTrials.

Management of Lymph Node-positive Penile Cancer: A Systematic Review.

Context: Lymph node (LN) involvement in penile cancer is associated with poor survival. Early diagnosis and management significantly impact survival, with multimodal treatment approaches often considered in advanced disease.

Objective: To assess the clinical effectiveness of treatment options available for the management of inguinal and pelvic lymphadenopathy in men with penile cancer.

European Association of Urology-American Society of Clinical Oncology Collaborative Guideline on Penile Cancer: 2023 Update.

Context: Penile cancer is a rare disease but has a significant impact on quality of life. Its incidence is increasing, so it is important to include new and relevant evidence in clinical practice guidelines.

Objective: To provide a collaborative guideline that offers worldwide physician and patient guidance for the management of penile cancer.

A systematic review of nomograms used in urolithiasis practice to predict clinical outcomes in paediatric patients.

Introduction: Nomograms, used to predict the risk and success of treatment of urinary tract stones, are being used in paediatric clinical practice. However, no studies have determined the best prediction model. This study aimed to identify the most robust nomogram(s) for predicting clinically relevant outcomes in urinary stone disease in paediatric patients.

What Is the Most Effective Management of the Primary Tumor in Men with Invasive Penile Cancer: A Systematic Review of the Available Treatment Options and Their Outcomes.

Context: The primary lesion in penile cancer is managed by surgery or radiation. Surgical options include penile-sparing surgery, amputative surgery, laser excision, and Moh's micrographic surgery. Radiation is applied as external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and brachytherapy.

The obliterated ureteric orifice: a nightmare for the pelvic surgeon or a routine-job for the endo-urologist? Case report of a standardized endoscopic approach.

We present the endoscopic management of two cases of complete ureteric occlusion at vesico-ureteral junction (VUJ) level following iatrogenic injury. Case 1 is a 60-year-old man who developed bilateral ureteric injury at the level of the VUJ following robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) for Gleason 3 + 4 = 7 T2bN0 prostate cancer. Case 2 is an 81-year-old man with history of recurrent G2pTa transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder originally diagnosed in 2005 and history of radical radiotherapy for prostate cancer.

A systematic review of methodological principles and delivery of surgical simulation bootcamps.

Background: The growth of "bootcamp style" simulation training in surgical practice has been exponential over the last decade. Developing and delivering a surgical bootcamp requires a significant investment. This systematic review aims to identify the key components that allow for a successful and rewarding surgical bootcamp course to be implemented that can be applied to all surgical specialities.

A Systematic Review of the Impact of Surgeon and Hospital Caseload Volume on Oncological and Nononcological Outcomes After Radical Prostatectomy for Nonmetastatic Prostate Cancer.

Context: The impact of surgeon and hospital volume on outcomes after radical prostatectomy (RP) for localised prostate cancer (PCa) remains unknown.

Objective: To perform a systematic review on the association between surgeon or hospital volume and oncological and nononcological outcomes following RP for PCa.

Evidence Acquisition: Medline, Medline In-Process, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched.

Development and internal validation of clinical prediction models for outcomes of complicated intra-abdominal infection.

Background: Complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAIs) are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics of patients with cIAI in a multicentre study and to develop clinical prediction models (CPMs) to help identify patients at risk of mortality or relapse.

Methods: A multicentre observational study was conducted from August 2016 to February 2017 in the UK.

A training model to teach early management of priapism.

Background: Ischaemic priapism is a urological emergency with early treatment required to prevent irreversible loss of erectile function. Corporal aspiration is the first step in management. Currently, there are no satisfactory training models to develop skills in a controlled environment.

Endoscopic surgical simulation using low-fidelity and virtual reality transurethral resection simulators in urology simulation boot camp course: trainees feedback assessment study.

Objectives: The objective of our study was to study trainees' feedback and rating of models for training transurethral resection of bladder lesions (TURBT) and prostate (TURP) during simulation.

Methods: The study was performed during the ''Transurethral resection (TUR) module" at the boot camp held in 2019. Prior to the course, all trainees were required to evaluate their experience in performing TURBT and TURP procedures.

Global Assessment of Urological Endoscopic Skills (GAUES): development and validation of a novel assessment tool to evaluate endourological skills.

Objective: To develop and evaluate an assessment tool for endourological skills during simulation including cystoscopy, ureteroscopy (URS) and transurethral resection (TUR) procedures.

Methods: We designed a Global Assessment of Urological Endoscopic Skills (GAUES) tool, comprised of nine endourology task-specific and two global-rating skills items. The tool was developed through two rounds of the Delphi process.

Urology simulation boot camp: A perspective from non-UK delegates.

Background: Medical simulation has become an integral part of modern-day surgical training. Despite its benefits, it is still not widely incorporated in the curriculum of trainees. The Urology Boot Camp (USBC) is an innovative 5-day course aimed at trainees entering the UK training scheme.

A simple novel training model for teaching suprapubic catheter (SPC) exchange.

Objectives: To develop a suprapubic catheter (SPC) training model as no specific realistic training model exists to replicate SPC exchange where a catheter tract is present.

Materials And Methods: We describe a novel, anatomically realistic, animal simulator model for use in SPC training, which was trialed at a national urology simulation boot camp by new urology trainees and validated by expert urologists. A scale reproduction of an abdominal wall was created using a porcine abdominal wall.

Design, implementation, and evaluation of a novel curriculum to teach transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP): a 3-year experience of urology simulation bootcamp course.

Objectives: To present the three-year experience of the multi-component TURP module at Urology Simulation Bootcamp Course (USBC) and demonstrate trainee's competence progression and satisfaction.

Methods: During the USBC, a 4-h TURP module was developed and consisted of (a) familiarisation and assembly of resectoscope instrument, (b) didactic lecture on TURP operative techniques and postoperative complications, (c) learning hands-on resection on validated simulators [Samed, GmBH, Dresden, Germany; TURP Mentor™, Simbionix, Israel], and (d) practicing clot evacuation using the Ellik bladder Evacuator. Trainee's level of instrument knowledge, operative competence, and confidence were assessed pre- and post-course.

A Low-Cost Synthetic Abdominal Wall Model ("Raj Model") for the Training of Laparoscopic Port Insertion.

Objective: To assess the content validity of a low-cost bench-top model ("Raj Model") for the training of laparoscopic port insertion at the Urology Simulation Bootcamp course (USBC).

Materials And Methods: A low-cost abdominal wall model of 40 × 40 cm was created to simulate laparoscopic port placement. The model was made using different synthetic materials to represent layers (skin-vinyl sheet, subcutaneous fat-10 mm soft foam, anterior rectus sheath and muscle-floor mat, posterior rectus sheath-masking wall tape, peritoneum-sellotape).

The Success and Evolution of a Urological "Boot Camp" for Newly Appointed UK Urology Registrars: Incorporating Simulation, Nontechnical Skills and Assessment.

Background: Urological training has dramatically changed in recent years. Training durations are shorter and a drive toward consultant led care has reduced trainees experience. Within the UK, approximately 50 registrars annually embark on a 5-year Urology training programme, with variable levels of basic urological experience.

Colo-Pro: a pilot randomised controlled trial to compare standard bolus-dosed cefuroxime prophylaxis to bolus-continuous infusion-dosed cefuroxime prophylaxis for the prevention of infections after colorectal surgery.

Standard bolus-dosed antibiotic prophylaxis may not inhibit growth of antibiotic resistant colonic bacteria, a cause of SSIs after colorectal surgery. An alternative strategy is continuous administration of antibiotic throughout surgery, maintaining concentrations of antibiotics that inhibit growth of resistant bacteria. This study is a pilot comparing bolus-continuous infusion with bolus-dosed cefuroxime prophylaxis in colorectal surgery.

A Method to Evaluate Trainee Progression During Simulation Training at the Urology Simulation Boot Camp (USBC) Course.

Objectives: To evaluate skills progression at the Urology Simulation Boot Camp (USBC), a course intended to provide urology trainees with 32 hours of 1:1 training on low and high-fidelity simulators.

Design: In this single-group cohort study, trainees rotated through modules based on aspects of the United Kingdom urology residency curriculum and undertook a pre and postcourse MCQ. Specific procedural skill was evaluated by an expert and graded as either: "A"-Good (≥4 on a 5-point Likert Scale) or "B"-Poor (Likert scale of 1-3).

'No visible lesions?'-an unusual case of Intestinal metaplasia of the bladder.

Intestinal metaplasia (IM) of the bladder is an extremely rare benign condition. The clinical features are similar to other bladder tumours. Its pathogenesis is unclear and its role as a precursor of adenocarcinoma has long been debated.

An Evaluation of the Role of Simulation Training for Teaching Surgical Skills in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Background: An estimated 5 billion people worldwide lack access to any surgical care, whilst surgical conditions account for 11-30% of the global burden of disease. Maximizing the effectiveness of surgical training is imperative to improve access to safe and essential surgical care on a global scale. Innovative methods of surgical training have been used in sub-Saharan Africa to attempt to improve the efficiency of training healthcare workers in surgery.

The Validation of the Clinical Male Pelvic Trainer Mk 2-Advanced Models for Scrotal Examination Simulation.

Objectives: To validate the use of a novel physical model, the "Clinical Male Pelvic Trainer (CMPT) Mk 2-Advanced," for scrotal examination simulation and evaluate its use for surgical education.

Materials And Methods: A total of 7 CMPT Mk 2-Advanced scrotal models were used for teaching: normal, varicocele, testicular tumor, epididymal cyst, hydrocele, epididymo-orchitis, and indirect inguinoscrotal hernia. At 4 surgical courses in the West Yorkshire Foundation Deanery, UK, between 2015 and 2016, trainees were asked to assess their clinical experience, confidence levels in diagnosing scrotal pathology and simulation properties of the scrotal models on a 5-point Likert Scale.

NMR-based evaluation of the metabolic profile and response to dichloroacetate of human prostate cancer cells.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the metabolic profile of human prostate cancer cells that have different metastatic potential and to determine their response to dichloroacetate (DCA) using NMR technology. Two isogenic human prostate cancer cell lines, differing in their metastatic potential [LNCaP (poorly metastatic) and LNCaP-LN3 (highly metastatic)], were studied. Metabolite ratios from NMR spectral integrals acquired at a field strength of 9.