The Sustainable Approach of Process Intensification in Biorefinery Through Reactive Extraction Coupled with Regeneration for Recovery of Protocatechuic Acid.

In the current scenario, where environmental degradation, global climate change, and the depletion of petroleum feedstock pose significant challenges, the chemical industry seeks sustainable alternatives for manufacturing chemicals, fuels, and bioplastics. Biorefining processes that integrate biomass conversion and microbial fermentation have emerged as preferred approaches to create value-added compounds. However, commercializing biorefinery products is hindered by dilute concentrations of final products and the demand for high purity goods.

Progress and prospective of heterogeneous catalysts for HO production via anthraquinone process.

This paper reviews the improvement in the field of catalytic hydrogenation of 2-ethylanthraquinone to 2-ethylanthrahydroquinone for the successful production of hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide is being used in almost all industrial areas, particularly in the chemical industry and in environmental protection, as the most promising oxidant for cleaner and environmentally safer processes. A variety of hydrogenation catalysts have been introduced for hydrogenation of 2-ethylanthraquinone in the production of hydrogen peroxide via anthraquinone (AQ) process.

Doped graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) catalysts for efficient photodegradation of tetracycline antibiotics in aquatic environments.

Tetracyclines (TCs) antibiotics are very common and often used in both human and veterinary medicines. More than 75% of TCs are excreted in an active condition and released into the environment, posing a risk to the ecosystem and human health. Residual antibiotics are in global water bodies, causing antibiotic resistance and genotoxicity in humans and aquatic organisms.

Perspective of reactive separation of levulinic acid in conceptual mixer settler reactor.

Levulinic acid is a carboxylic acid present in industrial downstream. It is an important chemical and can be transformed into various important chemicals such as 1,4-pentanediol, aminolevulinic acid, succinic acid, gamma valarolactone, hydoxyvaleric acid, and diphenolic acid. It is considered one of the top ten most important building block chemicals and bio-derived acids.

Development of nanohybrid adsorbent for defluoridation from aqueous systems.

The objective of present study is advancement of an efficient nanomaterial which was investigated to substantiate its efficiency, using kinetic studies to ensnare fluoride in order to make water potable. A new crystalline ZrAlCa nanohybrid adsorbent for fluoride removal was successfully synthesized by a co-precipitation method in this study. The prepared adsorbents were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, TGA, BET and FESEM and EDX.

Comparative study of different waste biomass for energy application.

Biomass is available in many varieties, consisting of crops as well as its residues from agriculture, forestry, and the agro-industry. These different biomass find their way as freely available fuel in rural areas but are also responsible for air pollution. Emissions from such solid fuel combustion to indoor, regional and global air pollution largely depend on fuel types, combustion device, fuel properties, fuel moisture, amount of air supply for combustion and also on climatic conditions.

Synthesis, characterization, and application of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium thiocyanate for extractive desulfurization of liquid fuel.

1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium thiocyanate [BMIM]SCN has been presented on extractive desulfurization of liquid fuel. The FTIR, (1)H-NMR, and C-NMR have been discussed for the molecular confirmation of synthesized [BMIM]SCN. Further, thermal, conductivity, moisture content, viscosity, and solubility analyses of [BMIM]SCN were carried out.

Synthesis, characterization and application of 1-butyl-3 methylimidazolium chloride as green material for extractive desulfurization of liquid fuel.

The possible application of imidazolium ionic liquids as energy-efficient green material for extractive deep desulfurization of liquid fuel has been investigated. 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [BMIM]Cl was synthesized by nucleophilic substitution reaction of n-methylimidazolium and 1-chlorobutane. Molecular structures of the ILs were confirmed by FTIR, (1)H-NMR, and (13)C-NMR.

Neutralization of red mud with pickling waste liquor using Taguchi's design of experimental methodology.

'Red mud' or 'bauxite residue', a waste generated from alumina refinery is highly alkaline in nature with a pH of 10.5-12.5.

Reactive extraction of citric acid using tri-n-octylamine in nontoxic natural diluents: part 1--equilibrium studies from aqueous solutions.

Use of cheap, nontoxic, and selective solvents could economically provide a solution to the recovery of carboxylic acids produced by the bioroute. In this regard in the present paper, reactive extraction of citric acid was studied. Problems encompassing the recovery of the acid ([H(3)A](aq)(o) = 0.

Reactive extraction of lactic acid using alamine 336 in MIBK: equilibria and kinetics.

Lactic acid is an important commercial product and extracting it out of aqueous solution is a growing requirement in fermentation based industries and recovery from waste streams. The design of an amine extraction process requires (i) equilibrium and (ii) kinetic data for the acid-amine (solvent) system used. Equilibria for lactic acid extraction by alamine 336 in methyl-iso-butyl-ketone (MIBK) as a diluent have been determined.