Modification of Pillared Intercalated Montmorillonite Clay as Heterogeneous Pd Catalyst Supports.

Montmorillonite clay was modified by pillaring with AlMn oxides in different Al/Mn ratios and intercalation of two kinds of N-containing polymers (i.e., chitosan (CS) and polyvinyl pyrrolidinone (PVP)) chains.

TiO-Modified Montmorillonite-Supported Porous Carbon-Immobilized Pd Species Nanocomposite as an Efficient Catalyst for Sonogashira Reactions.

In this study, a combination of the porous carbon (PCN), montmorillonite (MMT), and TiO was synthesized into a composite immobilized Pd metal catalyst (TiO-MMT/PCN@Pd) with effective synergism improvements in catalytic performance. The successful TiO-pillaring modification for MMT, derivation of carbon from the biopolymer of chitosan, and immobilization of Pd species for the prepared TiO-MMT/PCN@Pd nanocomposites were confirmed using a combined characterization with X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), N adsorption-desorption isotherms, high-resolution transition electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy. It was shown that the combination of PCN, MMT, and TiO as a composite support for the stabilization of the Pd catalysts could synergistically improve the adsorption and catalytic properties.