Corticomuscular integrated representation of voluntary motor effort in robotic control for wrist-hand rehabilitation after stroke.

The central-to-peripheral voluntary motor effort (VME) in the affected limb is a dominant force for driving the functional neuroplasticity on motor restoration post-stroke. However, current rehabilitation robots isolated the central and peripheral involvements in the control design, resulting in limited rehabilitation effectiveness. This study was to design a corticomuscular coherence (CMC) and electromyography (EMG)-driven control to integrate the central and peripheral VMEs in neuromuscular systems in stroke survivors.