Social contact patterns and their impact on the transmission of respiratory pathogens in rural China.

Introduction: Social contact patterns significantly influence the transmission dynamics of respiratory pathogens. Previous surveys have quantified human social contact patterns, yielding heterogeneous results across different locations. However, significant gaps remain in understanding social contact patterns in rural areas of China.

Smartwatch Measures of Outdoor Exposure and Myopia in Children.

Importance: Time spent outdoors has been proven effective in preventing myopia, but little is known about the association of outdoor exposure patterns with myopia.

Objective: To examine the association of outdoor exposure patterns with myopic shift in children.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This 1-year prospective cohort study from December 2017 to December 2018 was a secondary analysis of a cluster-randomized trial (Shanghai Time Outside to Reduce Myopia [STORM]).

Significant Biotransformation of Arsenobetaine into Inorganic Arsenic in Mice.

Arsenic (As) is extremely toxic to living organisms at high concentrations. Arsenobetaine (AsB), confirmed to be a non-toxic form, is the main contributor to As in the muscle tissue of marine fish. However, few studies have investigated the biotransformation and biodegradation of AsB in mammals.

Estimating mortality associated with seasonal influenza among adults aged 65 years and above in China from 2011 to 2016: A systematic review and model analysis.

Background: Estimation of influenza disease burden is crucial for optimizing intervention strategies against seasonal influenza. This study aimed to estimate influenza-associated excess respiratory and circulatory (R&C) and all-cause (AC) mortality among older adults aged 65 years and above in mainland China from 2011 to 2016.

Methods: Through a systematic review, we collected influenza-associated excess R&C and AC mortality data of older adults aged 65 years and above for specific cities/provinces in mainland China.

Evaluation of the safety profile of COVID-19 vaccines: a rapid review.

Background: The rapid process of research and development and lack of follow-up time post-vaccination aroused great public concern about the safety profile of COVID-19 vaccine candidates. To provide comprehensive overview of the safety profile of COVID-19 vaccines by using meta-analysis technique.

Methods: English-language articles and results posted on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, PMC, official regulatory websites, and post-authorization safety surveillance data were searched through June 12, 2021.

Despite vaccination, China needs non-pharmaceutical interventions to prevent widespread outbreaks of COVID-19 in 2021.

COVID-19 vaccination is being conducted in over 200 countries and regions to control SARS-CoV-2 transmission and return to a pre-pandemic lifestyle. However, understanding when non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) can be lifted as immunity builds up remains a key question for policy makers. To address this, we built a data-driven model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission for China.

Can a COVID-19 vaccination program guarantee the return to a pre-pandemic lifestyle?

COVID-19 vaccination programs have been initiated in several countries to control SARS-CoV-2 transmission and return to a pre-pandemic lifestyle. However, understanding when non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) can be lifted as vaccination builds up and how to update priority groups for vaccination in real-time remain key questions for policy makers. To address these questions, we built a data-driven model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission for China.

To what extent do we need to rely on non-pharmaceutical interventions while COVID-19 vaccines roll out in 2021?

COVID-19 vaccination is being conducted in over 190 countries/regions to control SARS-CoV-2 transmission and return to a pre-pandemic lifestyle. However, understanding when non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) can be lifted as immunity builds up remain a key question for policy makers. To address it, we built a data-driven model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission for China.

Who should be prioritized for COVID-19 vaccination in China? A descriptive study.

Background: All countries are facing decisions about which population groups to prioritize for access to COVID-19 vaccination after the first vaccine products have been licensed, at which time supply shortages are inevitable. Our objective is to define the key target populations, their size, and priority for a COVID-19 vaccination program in the context of China.

Methods: On the basis of utilitarian and egalitarian principles, we define and estimate the size of tiered target population groups for a phased introduction of COVID-19 vaccination, considering evolving goals as vaccine supplies increase, detailed information on the risk of illness and transmission, and past experience with vaccination during the 2009 influenza pandemic.

Global, regional, and national estimates of target population sizes for covid-19 vaccination: descriptive study.

Objective: To provide global, regional, and national estimates of target population sizes for coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) vaccination to inform country specific immunisation strategies on a global scale.

Design: Descriptive study.

Setting: 194 member states of the World Health Organization.

Global, regional, and national estimates of target population sizes for COVID-19 vaccination.

Background COVID-19 vaccine prioritization and allocation strategies that maximize health benefit through efficient use of limited resources are urgently needed. We aimed to provide global, regional, and national estimates of target population sizes for COVID-19 vaccination to inform country-specific immunization strategies on a global scale. Methods Based on a previous study of international allocation for pandemic COVID-19 vaccines, we classified the entire world population into eleven priority groups.

Structure and Degradation of Circular RNAs Regulate PKR Activation in Innate Immunity.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) produced from back-splicing of exons of pre-mRNAs are widely expressed, but current understanding of their functions is limited. These RNAs are stable in general and are thought to have unique structural conformations distinct from their linear RNA cognates. Here, we show that endogenous circRNAs tend to form 16-26 bp imperfect RNA duplexes and act as inhibitors of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-activated protein kinase (PKR) related to innate immunity.

Transcriptome Assembly and Systematic Identification of Novel Cytochrome P450s in .

spp. is a highly valuable medicinal plant with multiple pharmacological effects on various cancers. Cytochrome P450s (CYP450s) play important roles in the biosynthesis of active compounds in spp.